ABSTRACT
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most popular approach for obtaining transgenic plants nowadays. There are plenty of protocols developed for different plant species. These protocols usually include the medium composition, the technology for preparing plant explants and cultivation conditions, as well as the choice of agrobacteria strains. Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, was one of the f irst successfully transformed plant species. Nicotiana tabacum is a model object in plant genetics, particularly due to its ability for transformation and regeneration. N. tabacum is a naturally transgenic plant since its genome contains a cellular T-DNA acquired from Agrobacteria. The signif icance of cT-DNA for plants has not yet been established. Some assume that cT-DNA can increase the ability of plants to regenerate due to some of the genes they contain. For example, rolC has been shown to affect the hormonal balance of plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this have yet to be found. RolC is also somehow involved in the secondary metabolism of plants. Like N. tabacum, Nicotiana glauca produces a wide range of secondary metabolites and contains an intact rolC gene in its genome. At the same time, unlike N. tabacum, N. glauca is a diploid species, which makes it more suitable for genetic engineering approaches. Nicotiana sylvestris is one of the ancestral species of N. tabacum and does not contain cT-DNA. The aim of this work was to develop a protocol for transformation and regeneration of N. glauca and N. sylvestris. We managed to find an optimum ratio of auxins and cytokinins that promotes both active callus formation and organogenesis in N. glauca and N. sylvestris leaf explants. The developed technique will be useful both for fundamental research that includes the N. glauca and N. sylvestris species, and for practical application in the pharmaceutical industry and biosynthesis.
ABSTRACT
The functional and clinical results of implantation of various models of intraocular lenses (IOL) were assessed, by taking into account its procedure (applying a forceps or an injector). The optimum technology for implanting elastic IOLs was proposed, depending on the etiology of cataract. Analysis of surgical outcomes in 172 patients (207 eyes) revealed the characteristic complications, the specificity of implantation of various models of elastic IOLs, the advantages and disadvantages of the forceps- and injector-based implantations in age-related cataract, in patients with complicated cataracts in the presence of glaucoma, myopia, diabetes, and moderate- and high-degree hyperopia.
Subject(s)
Cataract/diagnosis , Lenses, Intraocular/standards , Phacoemulsification/methods , Adult , Cataract/physiopathology , Elasticity , Female , Humans , Male , Microscopy, Acoustic , Middle Aged , Ophthalmoscopy , Prosthesis Design , Treatment Outcome , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
The SAR of a series of potent sulfonamide hydroxamate TACE inhibitors, all bearing a butynyloxy P1' group, was explored. In particular, compound 5j has excellent in vitro potency against isolated TACE enzyme and in cells, good selectivity over MMP-1 and MMP-9, and oral activity in an in vivo model of TNF-alpha production and a collagen-induced arthritis model.
