Genetic and therapeutic landscapes in cohort of pancreatic adenocarcinomas: next-generation sequencing and machine learning for full tumor exome analysis.

About 7% of all cancer deaths are caused by pancreatic cancer (PCa). PCa is known for its lowest survival rates among all oncological diseases and heterogenic molecular profile. Enormous amount of genetic changes, including somatic mutations, exceeds the limits of routine clinical genetic laboratory tests and further stagnates the development of personalized treatments. We aimed to build a mutational landscape of PCa in the Russian population based on full exome next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the limited group of patients. Applying a machine learning model on full exome individual data we received personalized recommendations for targeted treatment options for each clinical case and summarized them in the unique therapeutic landscape.

[Oral nutrition supplements: applied classification of formulas and basic rules of their prescribing in oncology].

The analysis of current data concerning the use of oral nutrition supplements (ONS) in cancer patients has been performed. The aim of the research is improving the effectiveness of medical nutrition in cancer patients by clarifying terms, definitions, developing an applied classification of ONS formulas and outlining the basic approaches for their use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the keywords «cancer¼, «oral nutritional supplements¼, and «siping¼, the literature was searched in such databases as eLIBRARY (elibrary.ru) and MEDLINE (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) in Russian and English. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The definition of this type of nutritional support has been given. The applied classification of ONS formulas has been made. Depending on the energy and protein content, presence of some specific nutrients, osmolarity, nitrogen/non-protein kilocalories ratio and viscosity, they were divided into 3 groups. For the initial assessment of nutritional status of the cancer patient, the European society for medical oncology scale (ESMO, 2008) is the most appropriate. Emphasis is placed on the importance of maintaining physical activity. CONCLUSION: An approximate algorithm of ONS prescribing in oncology has been formulated.