Effect of COVID 19 lockdown on medical education: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complications of e-learning during pandemic-led lockdown, its effect on medical students' learning, and to recommend practical solutions. METHODS: The systematic review comprised literature search on Google Scholar, Medline and Pubmed databases for studies published from 2019 to April, 2022. dealing with the effect of coronavirus disease-2019 on medical education. Key phrases used were 'COVID19 effects', 'medical students' or 'e-learning' or 'e-examination'. Methodological information was evaluated using EPPI (Evidence for Policy and Practice Information) tool. RESULTS: Of the 60 studies initially found, 5(8.33%) were included. Students in their final year required practical application to benefit their professional lives. As a result, this circumstance has a variety of psychological consequences, such as an inability to focus during self-study for final-year test preparation, which leads to a loss of self-confidence and identity, and an inability to develop into tomorrow's competent and professional doctor. CONCLUSIONS: Despite emergencies like the pandemic, the students' future should not be ignored. They need practical education for future work. There is a need for better strategies for improved learning so that future doctors may work efficiently in their fields.

SARS-CoV-2 in relation to global vaccination and booster doses: what is the future of vaccination in the battle against COVID-19?

Many of the deletions and large mutations found in the Omicron version of COVID-19 are identical to those seen in the α, π, ß, and δ based VOCs. Such deletions and alterations have long been known to increase the viral risk of transmission and binding ability. Additionally, these changes are anticipated to increase the chances of immunological evasion and antibody secretion. T478K, G339D, Y505H, S373P, S371L, S375F, N440K, K417N, S477N, G446S, Q493R, E484A, G496S, N501Y, Q498R, and D614G are all mutations that potentially affect the virus's behavior. The N terminal region of the spike is typically targeted by NABs or neutralizing antibodies, immunologic polypeptides that prevent viruses from infecting cells. If the target region of the NABs significantly alters, the viruses may be able to avoid the autoimmune response generated by initial infection and vaccination. A possible "receptor shift" wherein ACE2 is not exclusively an Omicron receptor is worrying, given the huge number of mutations within the RBD region. D614G is the most prevalent mutation discovered among the three major pandemic variants. The Omicron variant is the most divergent variation seen in large numbers thus far in the pandemic, raising concerns that it could be linked to a faster transmission rate, lower vaccine effectiveness, and a greater risk of re-infection. Since identifying the Omicron variant, various countries have made significant modifications to their vaccination programs, including the recommendation of a third injection of boosting vaccination dosages in large populations to reduce the risk of adverse effects. However, all three vaccine producers (Johnson et Johnson, BioNTech, Pfizer, and Moderna) have published statements claiming vaccines would protect against severe sickness and that variant-specific vaccinations and boosters are in the works. This review sheds insight on several genetic mutations and their evolution in distinct variations. However, further study is needed to improve our understanding of illness transmissibility, immune escape capacity, patient features and severity, and the use of further diagnostic and therapeutic techniques (Fig. 1, Ref. 20). Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, global vaccination, booster doses, COVID-19.

A Systematic Review of the Clinical Efficacy of Micro-Focused Ultrasound Treatment for Skin Rejuvenation and Tightening.

The demand for non-invasive skin-tightening techniques is continuously on the rise, as now numerous patients seek safe and effective alternative body, neck, and facial aesthetic surgical procedures. Micro-focused ultrasound (MFU) has been recently introduced as a novel energy modality for skin rejuvenation to produce a more significant wound healing response at various levels, including strong collagen remodeling and long-lasting clinical response. This literature study was intended to find the role and efficiency of using micro-focused ultrasound therapy in male and female patients aged 35-65. A total of 139 articles were extracted from the PubMed and Science Direct electronic databases. After a thorough evaluation and following the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 10 full-text articles were relevant to the study. The goal was to analyze and examine the effects and benefits of MFU treatment to improve the skin. In addition, all of the patients were evaluated to report the harms and risks associated with MFU treatment. The literature study results revealed that significant improvements in the overall aesthetics of sagging of the mid and lower face could be accomplished by using a micro-focused ultrasonic treatment plan. Patients report no considerable side effects, and the results were also long-lasting. MFU treatment can activate deeper tissues without causing injury to the epidermis, which sets it apart from all other skin tightening methods. Better improvements rates have been reported by both patients' self-assessment and clinical investigators' evaluation.