Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Co-Repressor Proteins/metabolism , Histones/metabolism , Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism , Neurofibrosarcoma/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Synovial/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Co-Repressor Proteins/genetics , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/genetics , Male , Methylation , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The Tables 1 and 2 were missing in the published paper.
ABSTRACT
Caveolin-1, the major protein component of caveolae, plays vital functions in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Previous evidence demonstrated the positive role of Caveolin-1 in the regulation of endothelial cell differentiation and the involvement of Caveolin-1 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated angiogenesis. The correlation of Caveolin-1 expression and angiogenesis is not yet elucidated in osteosarcoma. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of Caveolin-1 and VEGF in osteosarcoma and their associations with clinicopathological data. This study included 66 formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded osteosarcoma tissue samples. The expression levels of Caveolin-1 and VEGF were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Then associations with clinicopathological variables and the correlation between both markers were evaluated statistically. We also investigated the expression of Caveolin-1 and VEGF values in gene microarrays of osteosarcoma patients and cell lines by using GEO data sets on https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Caveolin-1 and VEGF were expressed in 19.6% and 77.3%, respectively. Caveolin-1 expression was associated positively with osteoblastic histological subtype (P < 0.0001). VEGF expression showed positive association with patient age, histological grade and clinical stage (P = 0.031, P = 0.024 and P < 0.001; respectively). An inverse correlation between Caveolin-1 and VEGF expressions in osteosarcoma was found (r = 0.2 P = 0.04). In silico analysis of Caveolin-1 and VEGF expression supported our results. Our results suggest that Caveolin-1 may act as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. Down-regulation of Caveolin-1 can be used as an indicator for poor prognosis in osteosarcoma patients. Meanwhile, overexpression of VEGF is a predictor of pulmonary metastasis and poor prognosis.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Caveolin 1/biosynthesis , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Osteosarcoma/secondary , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/biosynthesis , Adolescent , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Bone Neoplasms/metabolism , Child , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Male , Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism , Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology , Osteosarcoma/metabolism , PrognosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal markers' E-cadherin, ß-catenin, zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and p63 in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variants of bladder carcinoma (BC) and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters of prognostic importance. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 91 patients were enrolled (66 with TCC and 25 with SCC). All patients had full clinical and follow-up data and available paraffin blocks. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed and correlated with clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: In TCC cases, reduced E-cadherin, ß-catenin positivity and p63 expression rate were evident in the sitting of increased expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2. Patients with ZEB2 positive tumors were more likely to die compared to those with negative ZEB2 (P = 0.024). Moreover, in patients with muscle-invasive BCs, an intense p63 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). For patients with SCC, there was a reduction in E-cadherin and ß-catenin positivity with elevated p63 expression and concomitant increased ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Poor prognosis was evident in association with reduced E-cadherin, positive nuclear ß-catenin/reduced membranous ß-catenin, ZEB1 and ZEB2 positive cases as well patients with elevated p63 expression (P < 0.001). TCC and SCC cases showed similar poor prognosis in association with elevated p63 expression (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In both TCC and SCC variants, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is evident; however, its molecular mechanism shows some variations, specifically this notably different p63 expression pattern among two carcinoma variants with the similar impact of elevated p63 expression pattern on prognosis.
