ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes. Several studies have been done in a trial to protect against this problem at the ultrastructure level. This study investigates the protective effect of oral administration of Acacia senegal (AS) against the development of DN. Sixty male albino rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, Acacia senegal control, Diabetic untreated, diabetic insulin-treated, Diabetic AS treated, and Diabetic insulin and AS combined treated groups. Plasma glucose, HbA1c, serum Albumin, creatinine, urine creatinine was measured using specific kits. Determinations of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were done. The renal tissues of both kidneys were prepared to investigate under both light (LM) and electron microscope (EM). Ultrastructure examination of renal rats tissue of diabetic untreated rats showed the destruction of the glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells together with hemorrhage in glomerular capsules (Bowman's capsules). On the other side, both LM and EM revealed improving the endothelial cells and the other glomerular capsules structures, especially with the combined treated group, which confirmed the improvement of the biochemical investigation in the study. In conclusion, from the present study, using the oral AS together with SC insulin could be protected against the development of DN.
RESUMEN: La nefropatía diabética (ND) es la complicación más común de la diabetes. Se han realizado varios estudios de ensayo para abordar esta dificultad a nivel de ultraestructura. Este estudio investiga el efecto protector de la administración oral de Acacia senegal (AS) contra el desarrollo de la ND. Se dividieron sesenta ratas albinas machos aleatoriamente en seis grupos: control, control de Acacia senegal, diabéticos no tratados, diabéticos tratados con insulina, diabéticos tratados con AS y grupos tratados con compuesto de insulina diabética + AS. Se midieron utilizando kits específicos, glucosa plasmática, HbA1c, albúmina sérica, creatinina en sangre y en orina. Se registraron la creatinina y la presión arterial. Los tejidos renales de ambos riñones se prepararon para investigar tanto con microscopio óptico (MO) como electrónico (ME). El examen de la ultraestructura del tejido renal de ratas diabéticas no tratadas mostró la destrucción de la membrana basal glomerular y las células endoteliales junto con hemorragia en las cápsulas glomerulares (cápsulas de Bowman). Por otro lado, tanto MO como ME revelaron una mejora de las células endoteliales y las estructuras capsulares glomerulares, en el grupo tratado con el compuesto, lo que confirmó la mejora de la investigación bioquímica. En conclusión, el uso de AS oral en combinación con insulina podría proteger contra el desarrollo de ND.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control , Acacia , Gum Arabic/administration & dosage , Kidney/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron , Biomarkers , Administration, Oral , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Disease Models, Animal , Kidney/ultrastructureABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is increasingly used in clinical practice, especially in neuropathic pain disorders. Although PRF is not new to clinical use, there are significant gaps in knowledge regarding its effectiveness. OBJECTIVES: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of duration of application of PRF on its analgesic efficacy in improvement of neuropathic pain. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized experimental trial. SETTING: An animal research facility at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Mansoura University in Egypt. METHODS: Chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats was performed to induce neuropathic pain. The rats were divided into 6 groups (6 rats each) in which PRF was applied for 2, 4, 6, or 8 minutes or not at all. In one group, RF cannula was applied without performing PRF intervention. The pain was assessed through observation of resting paw posture (RPP) at 3, 10, and 21 days. Nerve damage was assessed by histopathological evaluation of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemical localization of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 [IL-6] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]) was also done. RESULTS: RPP was improved in rats treated with PRF. This improvement was significant only in rats treated for 8 minutes. Increased duration for PRF application was associated with a significant decrease in IL-6 and TNF-alpha contents in all groups when compared with the control group. Histopathological evaluation of the constricted sciatic nerve revealed no statistical significance among the different study groups. LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by the lack of measurement of other inflammatory markers that may help elucidate other relevant mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Increased duration of PRF application resulted in better analgesic efficacy without any increase in tissue injury in an animal model of neuropathic pain. This effect may be attributed to decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. KEY WORDS: Pulsed radiofrequency, analgesic, rats, sciatic nerve, duration, neuropathic pain.
Subject(s)
Neuralgia , Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment/methods , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sciatic Nerve/injuriesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the relative contribution of different therapeutic agents for renoprotection against complete unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO), using a rabbit model sampled at different times. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into seven groups of 12 rabbits; a sham group, a control (left UUO + no medication) or left UUO and treated with either enalapril, losartan, verapamil, l-arginine or antioxidant (vitamin E and selenium mixture). Rabbits in the control and treated groups were subjected to 3, 10 and 21 days of complete ureteric ligation and then killed humanely. The control and treated groups were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the experiment, by measuring split effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) using diuretic renography, and the split glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using selective creatinine clearance. Renal histopathology was evaluated using a tubulo-interstitial damage score. RESULTS: In the sham group there was no significant effect on any of the evaluated variables. For split ERPF, losartan showed the highest renoprotective effect, saving 44% and 77% of ERPF at 3 and 21 days after UUO, respectively. Losartan was also the best renoprotective agent for GFR. For renal histopathology, enalapril showed the earliest and greatest improvement as assessed by the damage score, reaching 60% at 21 days after UUO. l-Arginine was the next best effect to blockade the renin-angiotensin system for renoprotection. CONCLUSION: We suggest that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system provides the best renoprotection against the effects of complete UUO.
