ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Central line-associated bloodstream infections continue to be one of the most important health problems in ICU. OBJECTIVES: To identify the central line-related bloodstream infections and their microbiological characteristics Specific objectives to the identify the incidence, predisposing factors of central line-related bloodstream Infections and study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated organisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients' demographic, clinical data, central venous catheter related data,and blood culture specimen collection data were collected utilizing a descriptive exploratory design from a purposive sample of 120 ICU patients underwent insertion central venous catheter. RESULTS: out of 120 central line catheters sent for culture from patients immediately and seven days after insertion., 13(10.83%) were positive seven days after insertion. Of the 13 infection cases, 10 cases were Staphylococcus epidermis and the others were Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, most infected patients were overweight and obese, diabetic, had sub-clavian route, and their length of hospital stayed more than7 days. CONCLUSION: 10.83 % developed bacterial blood stream infection 7 days after insertion of central venous catheters, and most of bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus epidermis and were sensitive to Vancomycin and Amikain.
Subject(s)
Bacteremia/microbiology , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Central Venous Catheters/microbiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Central Venous Catheters/adverse effects , Comorbidity , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Egypt , Female , Humans , Incidence , Length of Stay , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
More often than not, models of flavor symmetry rely on the use of nonrenormalizable operators (in the guise of flavons) to accomplish the phenomenologically successful tribimaximal mixing of neutrinos. We show instead how a simple renormalizable two-parameter neutrino mass model of tribimaximal mixing can be constructed with the non-Abelian discrete symmetry T(7) and the gauging of B-L. This is also achieved without the addition of auxiliary symmetries and particles present in almost all other proposals. Most importantly, it is verifiable at the Large Hadron Collider.
ABSTRACT
We explore possible signatures for right-handed neutrinos in a TeV scale B-L extension of the standard model at the Large Hadron Collider. The studied four lepton signal has a tiny standard model background. We find the signal experimentally accessible at the LHC for the considered parameter regions.
