Therapeutic role of Rauwolfia serpentina in minimizing the risk of glycosylation and associated biomarkers in experimentally induced type 1 diabetic mice.

Present work investigates the effects of hydro-methanolic roots extract (HyMREt) of Rauwolfia serpentina in type 1 diabetic mice. Mice were divided into normal, diabetic, negative and positive controls (I-IV) and three test (HyMREt doses) groups (V-VII - 50, 100, &150mg/kg). Allocated treatment of each group was given orally for 14 days in overnight fasted state. Percent change in fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weights, body tissue weights, hepatic glycogen, total lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), complete blood profile and antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were estimated. HyMREt doses produced meaningful (p<0.0001) reduction (-39 to -53%) in FBG. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were raised, HbA1c were considerably decreased (4.5-3.77%) and glycosylation (HbA1c to Hb) ratio was expressively (p<0.0001) improved in test groups. Dose-wise improvement (p< 0.05) in total glycogen and decrement (p<0.05) in lipids were observed in livers of test groups. HyMREt significantly decreased (p<0.05) percent inhibition of SOD and CAT. HyMREt doses progressively (p<0.05) improved RBC and other hematological parameters while decrement was only noticed in leucocyte counts. Administration of test doses of HyMREt were significantly reduced the glycosylation, oxidative stress and anemia caused by alloxan intoxication in mice.

Antioxidant and haematinic effects of methanolic and aqueous methanolic roots extracts of Rauwolfia serpentina Benth in type 2 diabetic mice.

Present investigation was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and haematinic effects of methanolic (MREt) and aqueous methanolic (AqMREt) root extracts of R. serpentina in mice model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Experimental mice were divided into nine groups (six per group) as: fructose-induced (T2D) diabetic group (distilled water 1ml/kg), negative control (0.05% DMSO 1ml/kg), positive control (pioglitazone 15mg/kg) and six test groups (MREt 10, 30 & 60mg/kg & AqMREt 50, 100 & 150mg/kg). Whereas tenth group was served as normal control (1ml/kg distilled water). All test doses of MREt & AqMREt significantly (p<0.05) decreases the percent inhibition of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) when compared with diabetic controls. Treatment with both extracts also improved the total hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in test groups. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis revealed the presence of phenols moiety in both extracts. Findings suggested that AqMREt possesses more antioxidant and haematinic potential while the MREt of R. serpentina moderately possesses the same activities, which might be due to the high content of phenols present in AqMREt.

Risk association of fasting insulin resistance index in non-diabetic heart failure patients: A case-control study at Karachi, Pakistan.

Present work investigates the risk association of insulin resistance (IResistance) in Non-Diabetic Heart Failure (NDHF) patients. Eighty (n=80) NDHF patients and same numbers of healthy controls were included to investigate with anthropometric measures, fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), serum insulin (SI), FIRI and ß-cells quantification was computed through HOMA-IR. Mean rank assessment of NDHF patients showed higher significant (p<0.0001) set of values in FBGL, SI, FIRI and HOMA-IR, when compared with controls. High (p<0.0001 & p<0.05) risk in NDHF patients was associated in SI status (OR=8.93-95% CI: 4.1-19.42) and also in HOMA-IR (OR=6.6-95% CI: 3.30-13.19), when compared for Pearson value based probability through Chi Square (χ2 Test) values estimates of probability, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) of targeted NDHF patients showed higher set of estimation (FBGL-AUC =0.667, SI-AUC =0.763, FIRI-AUC=0.780 and HOMA-IR-AUC=0.776). Association of determinants through Pearson's (r) correlation was found significantly (p<0.0001) linked with HOMA-IR and FIRI. Regression coefficient shows that for every additional unit score in FBGL and SI can expect HOMA-IR to increase by an average of 0.883 (for FBGL) and 0.0368 (for SI), respectively. Findings concluded the association of IResistance with greater risk estimation in NDHF patients.

Ameliorative effect of hydro-methanolic extract from roots of Rauwolfia serpentina on some biochemical parameters of type 1 diabetic mice.

Present work seeks to investigate the biochemical parameters in terms of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of hydro-methanolic roots extract (HyMREt) of Rauwolfia serpentina in type 1 (alloxan induced) diabetic mice. Animals were divided into seven groups, four control groups, and three were test groups (HyMREt at 50, 100, & 150mg/kg). Each treatment was repeated for 14 days regularly in all seven respective groups and afterwards the body weights, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and serum lipid levels were determined. Total body weights of diabetic mice treated with HyMREt extract were dose dependently (p<0.05) improved. FBG of test groups were significantly (p<0.0001) reduced in comparison with diabetic controls which displayed elevated fasting blood glucose level. The insulin levels of HyMREt treated groups were significantly (p<0.0001) higher than those of diabetic controls. Lower triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) whereas elevated level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) were observed in test dose treated groups. In comparison with diabetic controls, the converse levels of serum lipid were observed. Significant improvement in cardio-protective indices and coronary risk index was also observed. Findings of present study support the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential of HyMREt of R. serpentina.