ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the pain and discomfort associated with 3 diagnostic techniques for proximal carious lesions in children aged 5 to 8 years: bitewing (BW) radiographs, DIAGNOcam, and temporary teeth separation. METHODS: The study included 60 healthy children between the ages of 5 and 8 years who had no prior history of dry mouth or mouth breathing, were definitely positive or positive based on Frankl Behavioral Rating Scale, had at least one pair of matched bilateral primary molars and/or permanent first molars in close contact with the adjacent tooth, and were free of restorations and frank cavitation. Each patient evaluated all 3 techniques. The pain and discomfort ratings were obtained by the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale immediately after taking 2 standardised BW radiographs or undergoing use of DIAGNOcam and 2 days after temporary teeth separation with elastic separators by a single trained and experienced paediatric dentist. RESULTS: The DIAGNOcam procedure resulted in much higher pain and discomfort (3.69 ± 3.10) than the other 2 diagnostic techniques. Within-participant pain and discomfort scored significantly higher with DIAGNOcam compared to BW radiographs (P < .001) and temporary teeth separation (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The DIAGNOcam diagnostic technique caused much more pain and discomfort than BW radiographs and temporary teeth separation using orthodontic elastic separators. The report is part of a randomised clinical trial that was registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov under the identifier NCT03685058.
Subject(s)
Pain Measurement , Humans , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Male , Dental Caries , Pain Perception/physiology , Tooth, Deciduous , MolarABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to radiographically and clinically assess, after six and twelve months, the additive effect of light-curable resin-modified glass ionomer (LCRMGI) varnish on preventive standard-of-care measures (sodium fluoride varnish, oral hygiene instructions, and dietary counseling) for the treatment of non-cavitated proximal carious lesions in primary molars. This prospective, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial recruited 5-8-year-old children with at least one pair of bilateral non-cavitated proximal carious lesions in the enamel or outer third of the dentin. The lesions were randomized into one of two groups: experimental (which received LCRMGI varnish with the preventive standard-of-care measures) or control (which received the preventive standard-of-care measure). A total of 47 out of 53 participants, with 70 out of 80 pairs, completed the study. Radiographically, lesions in the experimental groups were more likely to regress after six (OR = 3.25) and twelve months (OR = 2.67), but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.052 and p = 0.055, respectively). Clinically, the experimental group showed significantly higher regression rates than the control group after six and twelve months (p = 0.041 and p = 0.003, respectively). The LCRMGI varnish demonstrated promising potential as an adjuvant to preventive standard-of-care measures in promoting regression and inhibiting the progression of non-cavitated proximal carious lesions.
ABSTRACT
Cryptosporidium inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (CpIMPDH) has emerged as a therapeutic target for treating Cryptosporidium parasites because it catalyzes a critical step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. A 4-oxo-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole derivative was identified as a moderately potent (IC50 = 1.5 µM) inhibitor of CpIMPDH. We report a SAR study for this compound series resulting in 8k (IC50 = 20 ± 4 nM). In addition, an X-ray crystal structure of CpIMPDH·IMP·8k is also presented.
Subject(s)
Acetanilides/chemical synthesis , Acetanilides/pharmacology , Coumarins/chemical synthesis , Coumarins/pharmacology , Cryptosporidium parvum/enzymology , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , IMP Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Cryptosporidium parvum/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , In Vitro Techniques , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
In a weakly acidic solution, the addition of HBr to 1-phenylprop-1-yne produces predominantly the anti-Markovnikov product. In this paper, we consider five possible explanations for this behavior and conclude that the concerted addition is occurring on the acetylenic pi bond orthogonal to the extended aromatic pi system. The electronic effect of the distal methyl group and the steric hindrance of the coplanar phenyl ring combine to promote bromide attack at the beta carbon. Attack on this pi bond is insensitive to the electronic effect of meta and para substituents on the ring but is very (sterically) sensitive toward all ortho substituents.
