ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The IUCD, primarily in the form of copper IUD is used by more than 150 million women around the world, making it the most widely used reversible method of contraception. The objective of this study is to do double blind clinical trial to compare the side effects of Copper-T and Cu 375 IUCD in women using contraceptive method and had used no contraception before. METHOD: A total of 80 women of reproductive age group who are sexually active and who wanted to practice some contraceptive method were included in the study. After filling Performa speculum examination was also done and all the contra indications for the fitting of IUCD were ruled out. RESULTS: In this comparative study the effectiveness and side effects of two copper releasing IUCDs, Copper-T and Cu 375 IUCD was observed. Pelvic inflammatory disease occurred more often with Cu 375 IUCD than other group. Dysmenorrhoea was also experienced more with Cu 375 IUCD user than Copper-T. Menorrhagia rate was also high in Cu 375 IUCD users. The only case of uterine perforation was in the user of Copper-T. CONCLUSION: It is concluded from this study that Copper-T is a highly effective method of contraception than Cu 375 IUCD with good patient acceptance and lesser side effects.
Subject(s)
Intrauterine Devices, Copper , Adult , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Intrauterine Devices, Copper/adverse effects , Pakistan , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vaginal discharge is very common problem among females. Alteration in balance of normal vaginal organisms can cause the overgrowth of the bacteria that creates vaginal discharge. It is common among sexually active women yet there still remain gaps in our knowledge of this infectious disorder. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of bacterial vaginosis (BV), vaginal candidiasis (VC), vaginal trichomoniasis and Group B streptococcus in women complaining of vaginal discharge in our setup. METHOD: A total of 100 women of reproductive age group with the complaint of vaginal discharge were included in the study. After filling proforma patients were examined by speculum examination and two high vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected aseptically from each patient. One swab was used for making wet mount for clue cells, pus cells and for motility of Trichomonas vaginalis. The other swab was used to check pH and Amine test. The growth was confirmed by Gram staining in each case. RESULTS: Gardnerrella vaginalis were isolated in 28%, Group B streptococcus in 5% and T. vaginolis in 4% of women. CONCLUSION: Gardnerella vaginalis causing BV is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in otherwise healthy women of reproductive age group in our setup.
