ABSTRACT
AIM: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a treatment for Psoriasis, a chronic immune-related skin and joint disorder, compared to current treatments like topicals, phototherapy, and systemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study isolated exosomes from Mesenchymal Stem Cells(MSCs) of healthy adipose tissue using ultracentrifugation. 12 patients with plaque psoriasis were divided into three groups and given single doses of exosomes. Tissue samples were collected pre- and post-treatment and examined for inflammatory(TNFα, IL23, IL17, IFNγ, CD3) and anti-inflammatory (FOXP3, IL10) markers. The severity of the lesion was also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS: In this study, it was found that erythema and induration (P < 0.05) decreased significantly in patients receiving 200 µg. Still, this reduction in scaling was not significant, the thickness was significantly reduced in patients receiving 100 and 200 µg doses (P < 0.05). H&E evaluation showed that the decreasing trend in these patients was not significant (P > 0.05). IHC evaluation in patients receiving doses of 100 and 200 µg showed a decrease in the presence of IL17 (P < 0.05, <0.001) & CD3(P < 0.001, <0.05) and a considerable increase in FOXP3(P ≤ 0.001), in the tissue samples of the patients. Examining the expression of inflammatory factors also shows that dose 200 µg decreased the expression of IL17(P > 0.05), IFNγ(P > 0.05), IL23(P < 0.05), & TNFα(P ≤ 0.05) and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL10(P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The study indicates that a 200 µg dose is optimal for patients, but a larger patient population is needed for more reliable results. Additionally, higher doses or multiple injections with specific intervals can increase confidence.
ABSTRACT
As a leading global cause of mortality, cancer continues to pose a significant challenge. The shortcomings of prevalent cancer treatments, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, necessitate the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have emerged as a promising solution, with their synthesis being widely researched due to their potential applications. Among the diverse synthesis methods for SeNPs, the green chemistry approach holds a distinctive position within nanotechnology. This research delves into the anti-proliferative and anticancer properties of green-synthesized SeNPs via the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Lactobacillus casei (LC-SeNPs), with a specific focus on MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cell lines. SeNPs were synthesized employing the supernatant of L. casei. The characterization of these green-synthesized SeNPs was performed using TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and DLS. The biological impact of LC-SNPs on MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cells was examined via MTT, flow cytometry, scratch tests, and qRT-PCR. Both FE-SEM and TEM images substantiated the spherical shape of the synthesized nanoparticles. The biosynthesized LC-SNPs reduced the survival of MCF-7 (by 20%) and HT-29 (by 30%) cells at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Flow cytometry revealed that LC-SNPs were capable of inducing 28% and 23% apoptosis in MCF-7 and HT-29 cells, respectively. In addition, it was found that LC-SNPs treated MCF-7 and HT-29 cells were arrested in the sub-G1 phase. Gene expression analysis indicated that the expression levels of the CASP3, CASP9, and BAX genes were elevated after treating MCF-7 and HT-29 cells with LC-SNPs. Further, SeNPs were observed to inhibit migration and invasion of MCF-7 and HT-29 cancer cells. The SeNPs, produced via L. casei, demonstrated strong anticancer effects on MCF-7 and HT-29 cells, suggesting their potential as biological agents in cancer treatment following additional in vivo experiments.
