ABSTRACT
Pediatric lung abscess is a rare and poorly studied disease entity. In the past, prolonged courses of intravenous (IV) antibiotics have been successfully used; however, with the advent of interventional radiology, the main therapeutic approach is through percutaneous placement of pigtail catheters with ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) direction, where available. The pathogen yield identified from fluid samples of the abscess has dramatically increased owing to the greater invasive measures, such as aspiration and drainage, as well as enhanced microbiological diagnostic methods, which also include polymerase chain reaction testing. In our case report, in 2012 when the patient was two years old, she was diagnosed with pulmonary Koch's and underwent anti-Koch's therapy, category 2. High-resolution CT of the chest revealed a large lobulated cavitary lesion with an air-fluid level suggestive of a right lung abscess. After initial therapy with IV antibiotics for three weeks and a negative tuberculosis work-up, she underwent right limited lateral thoracotomy and drainage with decortication of the right lung abscess (LA) in 2019 via a left endobronchial tube with a bronchial blocker (general endobronchial anesthesia). All samples sent for histopathologic examination after surgery yielded negative results, and she was discharged after a course of injectable antibiotics for 21 days. She remained almost symptom-free for the next four years. Thereafter, she presented with a right LA recurrence due to a thick-walled cavitary lesion, with a severely damaged right lower lung lobe resulting in right lower lobectomy under single-lung ventilation (double-lumen endotracheal tube No. 26 Fr.). Culture results should guide management, particularly for immunocompromised patients, as the LA may be attributed to complications arising from underlying conditions. Primary lung abscesses (PLA) in children are typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcal species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Compared to adults, children with PLA and secondary lung abscesses have a meaningfully greater rate of recovery.
ABSTRACT
Echinococcus granulosus causes hydatid cysts, a significant zoonotic and pulmonary parasitic disease that can mimic various pathologies and is often harder to manage than the disease itself. A hydatid cyst is considered a significant health problem in India, Iran, China, and Mediterranean countries, which lack satisfactory environmental health, preventive medicine, and veterinarian services. Echinococcosis continues to be a major community health burden in several countries, and in some terrains, it constitutes an emerging and re-emerging disease. Cystic echinococcosis is the most common human disease of this genus, and it accounts for a significant number of cases worldwide. Herein, a case involving an 11-year-old presenting with fever, dry cough, and right hypochondrial pain is presented, where imaging revealed a hydatid cyst in the lung. Surgical removal of the cyst was achieved through right posterolateral thoracotomy under one-lung ventilation and anesthesia using intubation with a double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLET or DLT), highlighting surgery as the primary treatment despite the lack of consensus on surgical methods. This case underscores the effectiveness of individualized, parenchyma-preserving surgery for even large, uncomplicated cysts, indicating a positive prognosis.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that a major part of the tumour-promoting action of alcohol is mediated via its first, toxic and carcinogenic metabolite acetaldehyde. MATERIALS & METHODS: The double blinded randomized control trial was designed for 82 male volunteers aged 20-29 years. Exclusion criteria were individual under antibiotic therapy, smokers, mutant Aldehyde Dehydrogenase deficient subject or any other systemic disease. Subjects were randomized in experimental (alcohol + soft drink) and control group (soft drink) from each pair of equal body weighted volunteers. The amount of alcohol consumed was calculated to be equivalent to 0.7 g alcohol/kilogram of body weight. Samples of breath for Acetaldehyde concentration (AC) were captured with the aid of a highly reproducible fuel cell gas-sampling device (PST-M1; Lions Laboratories, Cardiff, Wales). In Statistical analysis, mean AC was compared among both groups at different interval using paired t-test and Analysis of variance. RESULTS: Mean acetaldehyde level was recorded higher ([Formula: see text]) among interventional group which can be produced from ethanol during metabolism or by oro-pharyngeal microbes. After 15 minutes of drink, the AC was [Formula: see text] in ethanol group compared to [Formula: see text] in soft-drink group. There was significant increase in AC after 1 hour ([Formula: see text]) which was [Formula: see text] in ethanol group compared to [Formula: see text] in soft-drink group. CONCLUSION: Although acetaldehyde is metabolite of alcohol, its organ specific production with risk for oro-pharyngeal and pulmonary carcinogenesis makes alcohol an independent risk factor of carcinogenesis. How to cite this article: Dagli RJ, Kulkarni S, Duraiswamy P, Dagli NR, Khara NV, Khara BN. Is Alcohol an independent risk factor for Oro-Pharyngeal and Pulmonary Carcinogenesis - An Acetaldehyde concentrations based Double Blinded Randomized Control Trial. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(4):62-67.
