[Modern methods of inhalation therapy of respiratory diseases].

In pulmonary practice the effectiveness of the therapy depends on a method of drug delivery. In case of different forms of medications, which can be used for the treatment of patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases physicians usually choose inhalants. In this publication authors examines the main aspects of the use of nebulizers in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary diseases: types of nebulizers, their capabilities and limitations, indications for inhalation therapy and drug policy.

[Pneumonia in wounded].

Pneumonia is one of the common complications of wounds of any localization. Therapists are involved into the treatment of lung lesions in wounded in the ICU, in the surgical and if the patient arrives "on follow-up care,"--in the medical ward. The article analyzes the main statistical indicators reflecting the prevalence and clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of lung pathology in wounded during the Great Patriotic War, during the fighting Soviet troops in the Republic of Afghanistan, the 1st and 2nd Chechen campaign. Pneumonia as a manifestation of traumatic disease can occur in two ways. Primary pneumonia is in close connection with the pathogenetic traumatic injury. Secondary lung lesions complicate the injury at a later date and are due to the introduction of a nosocomial infection process flora. We describe the clinical picture of pneumonia in the affected, the basic pathogenesis, principles of therapy. Successful treatment of lung pathology in wounded depends on the performance of a complex of activities involving a wide range of doctors of various specialties.

[Fatal course of virus-associated pneumonia in patient with influenza A(H1N1)].

In 2009 pandemic caused by high-path fluenza A(H1N1), so called "swine" flu was registered in the world. Aphylaxis to this type of influenza lead to pandemic. The authors gave an example of fatal course of influenza A(H1N1)S-OIV in young patient with severe VA-pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation with progressive respiratory distress secondary to an metabolic syndrome. It led to patient's death. Patient was refractory to all modern methods of intensive therapy in conditions of multifield specialized medical and preventive treatment facility.

[Peculiarities of the immune status of soldiers taken ill with extramural pneumonia during battle action].

The article deals with violations of general resistance of the organism of military men, who get extramural pneumonia during the battle action. The author analyzed the data of immune status in three groups of soldiers. Statistical analysis of materials led to the conclusion that violations of immunity in the main group depend on the circumstances and nature of military service. This fact indicates that the significant clinical and pathogenetic differences in the development, course and outcome of an extramural pneumonia against the background of chronic adaptation syndrome. Pathogenic peculiarities of patients with pneumonia against the background of the impact of extreme factors of the military conflicts are presented in a prolonged dysfunction of all parts of the immune system.

[Peculiarities of course of extramural pneumonia among military servicemen in conditions of local war and armed conflicts].

The aim of work was examination of peculiarities of outhospital pneumonia (OHP) among military servicemen, participants of local armed conflicts in areas of Prodnestrovie, Tadjikistan, North Ossetia, Abkhazia. There were retrospectively analyzed 139 archive patient histories of military servicemen, got pneumonia during 1990-1993. In structure of OHP of military servicemen predominating was pneumonia with not hard course of disease. Was educes a clear season dependence of appearance of pneumonia in described conditions with it's peculiarities. Each fifth patient form call-up contingent had deficit of weight. It influenced on course of disease. In 40% of cases of OHP there were coexistent diseases. Peculiarities in clinical forms of disease were not found. Using of antibacterial measures in treatment of OHP was empirical, during therapy of acute pneumonia were used 3 antibiotics simultaneously. For a more long-term of treatment had a need soldiers, participants of combat actions on the Northern Caucasus.

[Characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in servicemen during the military conflict on the Northern Caucasus in 1995-1996].

The data of the examination and treatment of 1150 sick servicemen in different conditions of service in Republic of Chechnya in the military conflict in 1995-1996 are investigated. It was found out that the principal somatic pathology in the structure of sanitary losses of servicemen in the military conflict was respiratory organ diseases, mainly pneumonia, whose etiology as a rule does not depend on the character of the military-and-professional activities and places of troops' distribution. The chief role in the etiology of pneumonia was played by Streptococcus pneumoniae (43.4%). The peculiarities of the clinical picture of pneumoniaduring fighting are stipulated by chronic adaptation overstrain syndrome. Traditional schemes of treatment for such pneumonia do not ensure recovery of the sick within the usual period and do not prevent the development of various complications.

[Pneumonia epidemiology and prophylaxis in servicemen in local wars and military conflicts]. / Osobennosti épidemiologii i profilaktiki pneumonii u voennosluzhashchikh v usloviiakh lokal'nykh voin i vooruzhennykh konfliktov.

The high military-and-epidemiological significance of pneumonia in servicemen during the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) and the armed conflict in Chechnia (1995-1996) is shown and the measures for increasing the pneumonia incidence in the regions of operations are substantiated. It is established that more than 70% of pneumonia are conditioned by pneumococci that rather frequently show the pathogenic features against the background of viral (usually influenzal) respiratory infection or in association with Hemophilic bacillus, Chlamydia or Mycoplasma. The main factor leading to development of pneumonia during the period of local wars is the decreased organism resistance caused by supercooling, stresses and overwork as well as untreated acute respiratory diseases.

[The mechanisms of the therapeutic action and the basis for the frequency of performing sessions of ultraviolet blood irradiation in treating acute pneumonia. 1]. / Nekotorye mekhanizmy lechebnogo deistviia i obosnovanie kratnosti provedeniia seansov ul'trafioletovogo oblucheniia krovi v lechenii ostroi pnevmonii. Soobshchenie 1.

Mechanisms of therapeutic action of UV blood irradiation and optimal irradiation scheduling were studied in the course of UV-irradiated blood transfusions capable of correcting lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant system (AOS) in acute pneumonia (AP) patients. Single and multiple measurements of LPO and AOS parameters (malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates, red cell resistance to peroxide hemolysis, catalase, superoxide dismutase, cerulloplasmin, plasma total estrogens, progesterone and testosterone) were made in 10 young males with moderate AP and 20 healthy controls. UV blood irradiation in AP is shown to be pathogenetically validated. It works via effective stabilization of LPO as a result of early adequate stimulation of endogenic AOS. Positive changes were also induced in the system of hormonal regulation. It is suggested that hyperestrogenemia plays a compensatory role in AP pathogenesis.