[HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION AND INCIDENCE OF INDIVIDUAL DISEASES OF STUDENT'S SECONDARY PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS].

The primary prevention of a significant number of diseases today is based on the principles of a healthy lifestyle which are the most important conditions for maintaining and strengthening the health of the population. At the same time, one of the main tasks is to optimize the nutritional status, preserve and improve the health of certain groups of the population and, above all, children and adolescents. The purpose of the work is a hygienic assessment of the characteristics of the nutritional status and nutritional health of young students and the scientific substantiation of recommendations for their optimization. It has been established that the insufficient level of knowledge of the basics of a healthy lifestyle and the existing shortcomings in the organization of nutrition of adolescents, as well as economic factors, lead to an inadequate nutritional status of students in secondary professional education, which is expressed in the low energy value of the diet, its imbalance and lack of diversity, as well as its low provision with macronutrients, vitamins and minerals. There is a significant increase in the incidence of diseases of the digestive system from junior to senior years, which allows us to consider college education as a risk factor for diseases of this class.

[The characteristics of life-style of medical students].

The article considers the results of study of characteristics of lifestyle and behavioral risk factors of students of the medical university. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The object of the study was students of medical university. The survey was implemented in remote mode using the Google Forms. The relative values and their confidence intervals were calculated using the Wilson method. MS Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software were used to statistical process the research results. RESULTS: It is established that only every tenth student observed recommended duration of night sleep. The youths were about 1.7-4.6 times more likely to violate rules of personal hygiene as compared with girls. The unreasonable diet and low motor activity were more typical for girls. The prevalence of active tobacco smoking and nicotine use in dosage more than 0.1 mg/day among youths was 1.4 and 2.0 times higher than among girls, respectively (p<0.05). More than a half of respondents consume alcoholic beverages daily. At that, 44.12% of girls do not maintain sexual life, while among youths there were 1.5 times less of such individuals. The condoms during sexual contacts are obligatory used by 52.18% of youths that is 1.3 times more often than among girls. Almost three-quarters of medical students have insufficient alertness about their health and are characterized by irresponsible medical behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The gender differences in prevalence of lifestyle risk factors among medical students were revealed.

[Effects of peak levels and number of noise impulses on hearing among forge hammering workers]. / Vliianie pikovogo urovnia i chisla impul'sov shuma na slukh kuznetsov goriachei kovki.

The work was aimed (1) to compare actual and expected values of hearing loss in forge hammering workers, using risk evaluation patterns based on impulse noise measurements, and (2) to simulate harmful hearing changes caused by impulse noise. Study of exposure to noise and hearing loss covered forge hammering workers in 2 major blacksmith workshops of automobile enterprise, where equivalent levels of acoustic pressure (104 and 106 dB) were equal, but peak levels and impalse degrees reliably differed. Hearing thresholds for 2 selected groups of workers (97 and 235 subjects) were evaluated. When compared, actual and expected values of hearing loss calculated according to ISO standard appeared different with excess of 1 dB and 3 dB for the workers in shops 1 and 2 respectively. Excessive hearing loss corresponds to noise exposure increased by 3.5 years. Hearing loss in the workers subjected to less impulsive noise were readily forecasted by ISO standard 1999-1990. Hearing loss in the workers subjected to more impulsive noise were in reliable correlation with combination of peak level and impulses number.

[State of the locomotion system in blacksmiths working in hot forges]. / Sostoianie kostno-sustavnogo apparata u kuznetsov goriachei kovki.

Hygienic, clinical and roentgenologic studies covered locomotion apparatus in hot forging puncher blacksmiths who are exposed to several occupational hazards with vibration as the leading one. The studies covered work conditions and health state of risk group members-patients with some signs of vibration disease. Some up-to-date roentgenologic methods helped precise evaluation of occupational factors' role in bone manifestations of subclinical vibration disease.

[State of cardiovascular and blood coagulation systems during prolonged exposure to extreme stimuli]. / Sostoianie serdechno-sosudistoi i koaguliatsionnoi sistem organizma pri dlitel'nom deistvii ékstremal'nykh razdrazhitelei.

The studies covered complex effects of local shock vibration at extreme levels and ambient heat load with intensive impulse noise and general vibration in association with heavy physical work. The experiments on animals assessed influence of low temperatures on cardiovascular and hemocoagulation systems. Analysis of those clinical and experimental data proved that extreme and subextreme levels of long-acting factors induce disorders of hemostasis-depression of anticoagulation, that is similar to 1 phase of DIC syndrome. These results are important for diagnosis of premorbid and pathologic conditions.

[Clinical interpretation of the effects of leading hazardous factor in multifactorial intensive action]. / O klinicheskoi traktove éffektov vedushchego neblagopriatnogo faktora pri mnogofaktornom intensivnom vozdeistvii.

The article "Clinical manifestations of chronic exposure of metallurgists and blacksmiths to heating microclimate" by T.K. Semennikova et al., published in "Industrial medicine and occupational hygiene" No 5, 1992, was reviewed and compared with the author's data. Extensive clinical materials in the article reviewed are traced only to chronic overheating, however the hygienic data presented prove critical levels of noise, local and general vibration, hard work. Index of occupational diseases was calculated, so vibro-acoustic effects and chronic overheating appeared to be comparable. Analysis of etiology and pathogenesis appeared to play an important role in evaluation of effects caused by multiple critical factors.

[Comparison of models for evaluation of pulsed noises and their correlation with hearing loss in blacksmiths]. / Sravnenie modelei otsenki impul'snykh shumov i ikh korreliatsiia s poteriami slukha u kuznetsov.

The article covers the studies of relationships between the physical parameters of impulsive noise in shrink workshops of automobile building. A peak noise level (Lp) and number of impulses per shift (N) in the workplaces were calculated and evaluated by means ACGIH-89 criterion and by patterns with the parameters q = 1.5-3.0 and limited maximal levels 140-160 dB. A total of 328 blacksmiths were examined by pure-tone audiometry, the hearing loss was evaluated according to the standard ISO 1999 (1990). The peak levels appeared to equal 115-143 dB with the number of impulses per shift equal to 1,000-9,500. The study revealed a reliable correlation between Lp, N and the hearing loss in blacksmiths. Comparison of the various hygienic patterns showed that the simultaneous consideration of Lp and N is preferable according to the "equal energy" rule (level of 10 dB corresponding to 10-fold increase of the impulses number) in the studied range of the impulses number per shift.

[Use of models in prognostication of hearing loss in the assessment of adverse effects of industrial noise]. / Primenimost' modelei prognozirovaniia poter' slukha dlia otsenki vrednosti proizvodtvennykh shumov.

Actual deafness due to constant and impulsive noise was compared with that calculated according to the Robinson patterns of deaf forecasting and standard 1999. Impulsive noises appeared to be the most aggressive for hearing. Since the amplitude and time parameters are eliminated from account in the patterns, they must be applied with caution to the evaluation of deafness risk.

[The establishment of the MPEL for impulse noise]. / K obosnovaniiu PDU impul'snogo shuma.

A total of 328 blacksmiths was examined so as to obtain and analyse the physical parameters of noise exposure for its hygienic evaluation and norm setting. The noise parameters were found to vary according to different criteria if underassessed by means of existing standard 3223-85. Comparative study of hearing loss in the blacksmiths according to a standard 1999 revealed a hyperaggressiveness of impulsive noise in close connection with both noise level and length of service. Impulsive noise was recommended to be evaluated according to the peak level and quantity of impulses, but the basement of MAL is possible with the help of standard pattern while the criteria as length of service, quantile of population and the grade of hearing loss are chosen.

[Hygienic evaluation of physical characteristics of the effect of impulse noise on stampers and blacksmiths and hearing loss and its prevention]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka fizicheskikh kharakteristik impu'lsnykh shumov shtampovochnogo i kuznechno-pressovogo proizvodstv, poteri slukha i profilaktika.

The investigation of sanitary working conditions of stampers and blacksmiths revealed that intense impulse noise of complex time and stochatic structure was a major health adverse factor. Noise levels exceeding 110 dB played an important role in the formation of general noise load, thus acoustic sensitivity being modified. Close correlation was established between exposition and the recovery space of time auditory threshold deviation characterizing analyzer's stress. High effectiveness of new individual means of noise protection was demonstrated along with the necessity of developing requirements for noise characteristics of impulse noise-generating machines.