ABSTRACT
The genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 is redescribed and redefined based on the types and new material from Pakistan. Chiltana includes two species, C.acarinata sp. n. and C.baluchi Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (the type species), both from Chiltan, Balochistan, Pakistan. A key to the species of the genus is provided. Nomenclatorial remarks on original publication, author, and date of Chiltana are given.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the biomechanical characteristics (percent stretch, stiffness, and ultimate load) of 2 distal fixation techniques for an active tendon implant used in the reconstruction of flexor tendons. METHODS: We evaluated percent stretch after cyclical loading and at failure, stiffness during load-to-failure, and peak load of 28 bone-prosthesis junctions using cadaveric canine middle phalanges to study 2 fixation techniques: metal cleat and screw versus polyester cords secured with a knot. RESULTS: The knot constructs displayed greater percent stretch during and following cyclical loading between 2 N and 50 N and at peak load. The screw construct showed greater stiffness from 50 N to 150 N during load-to-failure. Both fixation techniques failed at a mean peak load greater than 340 N. CONCLUSIONS: Both fixation techniques for active tendon implants withstood loads seen with passive and active motion in the immediate postoperative period. Knot constructs displayed significant stretch during cyclical and load-to-failure testing, which would need to be compensated for during surgery. The screw constructs showed greater stiffness than the constructs secured with the surgeon's knot, but failure created an intra-articular fracture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results may aid the surgeon in choosing which fixation technique to use, during tensioning of cords, and in permitting active motion following surgery.
Subject(s)
Bone Screws , Suture Anchors , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Tenodesis/methods , Animals , Dogs , Materials Testing , Weight-BearingABSTRACT
Exitianus Ball, 1929 is studied from Tando Jam, Pakistan. Two species, Exitianus indicus (Distant, 1908) and Exitianus nanus (Distant, 1908), are reviewed and their characters, habitus, and line drawing are given.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Hemiptera/classification , Animals , Female , Male , PakistanABSTRACT
The Idiocerinae of Pakistan are reviewed and a new species, Tasnimocerus sindhensis sp. nov. (Pakistan: Tandojam), is described and illustrated from Pakistan. Two new junior synonyms of Idioscopus nitidulus (Walker) are recognized: Idioscopus karachiensis Ahmed, Naheed & Ahmed syn. nov. and I. freytagi Ahmed, Naheed & Ahmed syn. nov. Idioscopus nagpurensis (Pruthi) is newly recorded from Pakistan. A checklist of Idiocerinae from Pakistan is also provided together with a key to genera and species.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Female , Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Hemiptera/growth & development , Male , Organ Size , PakistanABSTRACT
The genus Sathrophyllia Stål, 1874 from Pakistan is reviewed with four species recorded. The diagnostic characters are given and two new species Sathrophylliasaeedi sp. n. and Sathrophylliairshadi sp. n. are described. In addition to that Sathrophyllianr.rugosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Sathrophylliafemorata (Fabricius, 1787) are re-described. Further information on the distribution and ecology of the species is given and a key to studied species of Sathrophyllia is presented. Sathrophylliafemorata (Fabricius, 1787) and Sathrophylliarugosa (Linnaeus, 1758) are recorded from Rawalakot (KPK) and Tharparker (Sindh), Pakistan for first the time.
ABSTRACT
A key with accompanying figures is provided for the 14 tribes and 35 genera of Deltocephalinae (Cicadellidae) from Pakistan.
