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1.
Clin Lab ; 64(7): 1105-1112, 2018 Jul 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30146832

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The use of point-of-care testing (POCT) in different clinical applications is justified by the fact that the time to release the result is shortened, allowing the physician to define the diagnosis and most appropriate therapy in a shorter time. However, the negative aspects must also be highlighted and studied so that we can move forward with the use of these devices. These negative aspects include greater analytical imprecision compared to laboratory automation, the variability between different equipment from different manufacturers, the risk of inappropriate use, a low level of global regulation, higher costs compared with laboratory testing and cost ineffectiveness in terms of health care. Methods and. RESULTS: This review presents some clinical applications of POCT in different scenarios, such as for diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases, pediatrics, and chronic kidney disease, among others. CONCLUSIONS: We hope to see a global consensus on an acceptable quality standard for performing POCT that is adaptable, practical, and cost effective in primary care settings, ensuring patient safety, and minimizing the risk of harm.


Subject(s)
Point-of-Care Systems/standards , Point-of-Care Testing/standards , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases/therapy , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Humans , Point-of-Care Systems/economics , Point-of-Care Systems/statistics & numerical data , Point-of-Care Testing/economics , Point-of-Care Testing/statistics & numerical data , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy
2.
Clin Lab ; 64(1): 1-9, 2018 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29479878

ABSTRACT

Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) has been highlighted in the health care sector in recent decades. On the other hand, due to its low demand, POCT is at a disadvantage compared to conventional equipment, since its cost is inversely proportional to the volume of use. In addition, for the implementation of POCT to succeed, it is essential to rely on the work of a multidisciplinary team. The awareness of health professionals of the importance of each step is perhaps the critical success factor. The trend towards the continuous advancement of the use of POCT and the great potential of its contributions reinforce the need to implement quality management tools, including performance indicators, to ensure their results. This review presents some advantages and disadvantages concerning POCT and the real need to use it. A worldwide call for the availability of easy-to-use health technologies that are increasingly closer to the final user is one of the main reasons for this focus.


Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Guidelines as Topic/standards , Point-of-Care Systems/standards , Point-of-Care Testing/standards , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/economics , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Humans , Point-of-Care Systems/economics , Point-of-Care Testing/economics , Reproducibility of Results
3.
Health Expect ; 17(1): 73-81, 2014 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22070389

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: An obesity epidemic is spreading worldwide. In addition to comorbidities, social and emotional problems contribute to reduce the quality of life (QoL) of obese people. Considering the heterogeneity of outcomes from clinical and surgical approaches, it is recommended that severely obese patients participate in their treatment decisions. This study evaluated preferences of severely obese patients for obesity surgical treatment using the willingness to pay (WTP) and to assess the impact of the presence of some clinical disorders, socioeconomic conditions and QoL on their decisions. METHODS: The selected patients were invited to answer the WTP questionnaire using two formats of contingent valuation questions: dichotomous choice (yes/no) and a bidding game. The answers were correlated with clinical features, QoL assessed by the SF-36 and the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II, Brazilian socioeconomic classification, and family and personal incomes. RESULTS: The group of patients who accepted the first bid was older and had higher frequency of sleep apnoea when compared to those who rejected the offer. A significant correlation between the bidding game value and family income was found (r = 0.28; P < 0.02). In the logistic regression model, socioeconomic classification and sleep apnoea were shown to be independently associated with acceptance the bid. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep apnoea was the comorbidity that most influenced the acceptance in dichotomous choice for bariatric surgery, probably due to the deleterious effects on daily activities induced by sleep disturbances. Our findings also suggest that the frequency of surgical procedures is below the preference of the obese population in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery/economics , Bariatric Surgery/psychology , Financing, Personal , Obesity/surgery , Patient Preference , Adult , Age Factors , Brazil , Choice Behavior , Comorbidity , Decision Making , Elective Surgical Procedures/economics , Elective Surgical Procedures/psychology , Female , Health Status , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Quality of Life , Socioeconomic Factors
4.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 56(1): 33-8, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22460193

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess QoL of obese patients in the Brazilian public healthcare system, before and after bariatric surgery, and to determine the appropriateness of the Moorehead-Ardelt Questionnaire II (M-A-QoLQII) compared with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-one severe obese patients in a waiting-list, and 84 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were included. Correlations were tested and reliability determined by the Cronbach's coefficient. RESULTS: BMI differed between the pre- and post-surgery groups (52.3 ± 8.3 kg/m(2) vs. 32.5 ± 6.4 kg/m(2), p < 0.001). The latter showed better scores in the SF-36 domains than in the pre-surgery. SF-36 and M-A-QoLQII categories were correlated (r = 0.53, 0.49 and 0.47, for vitality, mental health, and general health domains, p < 0.001). In the logistic regression, age, previous BMI, and loss of excess weight were associated with functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of bariatric surgery obtained in a Brazilian public healthcare center were successful. M-A-QoLII represents a useful tool to assess surgery outcomes, including QoL.


Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Body Mass Index , Obesity/psychology , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adult , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/surgery , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Public Sector , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(1): 33-38, fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-617914

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess QoL of obese patients in the Brazilian public healthcare system, before and after bariatric surgery, and to determine the appropriateness of the Moorehead-Ardelt Questionnaire II (M-A-QoLQII) compared with the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-one severe obese patients in a waiting-list, and 84 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were included. Correlations were tested and reliability determined by the Cronbach's coefficient. RESULTS: BMI differed between the pre- and post-surgery groups (52.3 ± 8.3 kg/m² vs. 32.5 ± 6.4 kg/m², p < 0.001). The latter showed better scores in the SF-36 domains than in the pre-surgery. SF-36 and M-A-QoLQII categories were correlated (r = 0.53, 0.49 and 0.47, for vitality, mental health, and general health domains, p < 0.001). In the logistic regression, age, previous BMI, and loss of excess weight were associated with functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of bariatric surgery obtained in a Brazilian public healthcare center were successful. M-A-QoLII represents a useful tool to assess surgery outcomes, including QoL.


OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes obesos do sistema público de saúde brasileiro antes e após cirurgia bariátrica e a adequação do questionário Moorehead-Ardelt II (M-A-QoLQII) em relação ao SF-36. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Quarenta e um pacientes obesos graves em lista de espera e 84 submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica foram incluídos. Correlações foram testadas e confiabilidade determinada pelo coeficiente de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: O IMC diferiu entre os grupos pré- e pós-cirurgia (52,3 ± 8,3 kg/m² vs. 32,5 ± 6,4 kg/m², p < 0,001). O último apresentou melhores escores nos domínios do SF-36 que o pré-cirurgia. As categorias do SF-36 e M-A-QoLQII se correlacionaram (r = 0,53; 0,49; 0,47 para vitalidade, saúde mental e saúde geral, p 0,001). Na regressão logística, idade, IMC prévio e excesso de peso perdido associaram-se independentemente à capacidade funcional. CONCLUSÕES: Resultados da cirurgia bariátrica em centro de saúde público brasileiro foram promissores. O M-A-QoLQII representa ferramenta útil para avaliar seus resultados, inclusive a QV.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bariatric Surgery , Body Mass Index , Obesity/psychology , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/surgery , Postoperative Period , Preoperative Period , Public Sector , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 49(4): 479-83, 2005 Aug.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16358074

ABSTRACT

Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in underdeveloped countries as well as the simplicity of identifying individuals at high risk for such disease, implementation of intervention measures for its prevention is of great interest. Several studies have confirmed the benefits of lifestyle changes in preventing or postponing the progression from impaired glucose tolerance to DM. The review of these studies showed a 50% to 60% reduction in the incidence of DM by means of lifestyle modifications. Such results are better than those reported in studies in which pharmacological interventions were used with the same purpose. Despite the efficacy of lifestyle changes for the prevention of DM, compliance may represent a limitation to be implemented in communities. In our country, studies are necessary to assess the barriers for the implementation of a population-based program for the prevention of DM and other lifestyle related diseases in high-risk Brazilian subjects.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Life Style , Patient Education as Topic , Brazil , Humans , Program Evaluation , Risk Factors
10.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 49(4): 510-5, 2005 Aug.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16358078

ABSTRACT

Clonidine stimulation test is widely used to evaluate growth hormone secretion. Side effects are somnolence (35%) and arterial hypotension (AH) (5%). The aims of this paper were to evaluate the tolerance to this test regarding blood pressure (BP) decrease, sedation and the efficacy of saline resuscitation to prevent AH. BP was measured at basal, 60 and 120 min. Sedation was determined by the Ramsay scale. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 80) received saline resuscitation only upon severe AH (drop of mean BP [MBP] > 20% from initial MBP) and/or postural hypotension; Group 2 (n = 100) received saline resuscitation from the beginning of the test. Both groups presented a significant MBP fall and 75% presented somnolence at 60 min. MBP drop did not correlate with either sedation or the clonidine dose. Group 1 presented more hypotension (59% x 28%) and greater MBP drop at 60 min. Only one patient had an asthma attack. We conclude that the hypotension effects caused by oral clonidine diminish with saline resuscitation since the beginning of the test. This test must have specialized medical support with strict BP evaluation and precocious intervention when needed.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/adverse effects , Clonidine/adverse effects , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/chemically induced , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Hypotension/chemically induced , Plasma Volume/drug effects , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Growth Hormone/drug effects , Humans , Hypotension/prevention & control , Male , Pituitary Function Tests/adverse effects , Pituitary Function Tests/methods , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 49(6): 983-990, dez. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420173

ABSTRACT

A avaliação do controle glicêmico no diabetes mellitus (DM) envolve tradicionalmente a observação das taxas de glicemia e hemoglobina glicada. Recentemente o Fleury - Centro de Medicina Diagnóstica implantou o exame de monitorização contínua de glicose (MCG) (Medtronic Minimed - CGMS® System GoldTM) e, neste trabalho, objetivamos descrever a experiência relacionada à realização deste exame durante o ano de 2004. Realizaram-se 141 exames neste período. Do total, 88 por cento (n= 124) pacientes eram diabéticos, sendo 99 usuários de insulina. Encontramos forte correlação entre os valores de glicose obtidos com a MCG e no sangue capilar (r= 0,926; p< 0,005). Nos diabéticos, identificou-se hipoglicemia noturna (< 50mg/dL) em 35 por cento (n= 44), padrões hiperglicêmicos (> 220mg/dL) em períodos determinados do dia em 44 por cento e hiperglicemia sustentada ao longo de toda monitorização em treze casos (10 por cento). Doze exames foram realizados para investigação de hipoglicemias em não diabéticos. Dois exames foram sugestivos de "dumping" e em um caso a MCG reforçou a hipótese de insulinoma. Ocorreram interrupções parciais das monitorizações em 15 por cento dos exames. Concluímos que a MCG é uma metodologia útil para investigação das oscilações glicêmicas, sendo uma importante ferramenta para ajuste terapêutico em pacientes com DM.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/standards , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Monitoring, Ambulatory/standards , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/adverse effects , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Hypoglycemia/prevention & control , Linear Models , Monitoring, Ambulatory/adverse effects , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dumping Syndrome/diagnosis , Time Factors
12.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 49(4): 479-483, ago. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-414764

ABSTRACT

A crescente prevalência de diabetes mellitus (DM) em países em desenvolvimento, associada à facilidade de se identificar indivíduos de alto risco para a doença, tornam interessante a idéia de se introduzir medidas que visem à prevenção da doença. Vários estudos comprovam os benefícios de mudanças no estilo de vida em prevenir ou retardar a progressão da tolerância à glicose diminuída para o DM. A revisão destes estudos mostra que é possível reduzir em 50 a 60 por cento a incidência de DM intervindo-se no estilo de vida destes indivíduos, resultado superior ao obtido naqueles que, até o momento, utilizaram medidas farmacológicas com o mesmo objetivo. Apesar da eficácia destas simples medidas de prevenção por meio de mudanças no estilo de vida, estas são de difícil aderência e implementação em comunidades. Em nosso meio, são necessários estudos para avaliar as dificuldades de se implantar um programa nacional de prevenção de DM e outras doenças relacionadas ao estilo de vida em brasileiros de alto risco.


Subject(s)
Humans , /prevention & control , Life Style , Patient Education as Topic , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Risk Factors
13.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 49(4): 510-515, ago. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-414768

ABSTRACT

O teste da clonidina é amplamente usado para avaliar a secreção do hormônio do crescimento. Os efeitos colaterais são sonolência (35 por cento) e hipotensão arterial (HA) (5 por cento). Nossos objetivos foram avaliar a tolerância ao teste quanto à queda da pressão arterial (PA), grau de sedação e eficácia da expansão volêmica para controle da HA. A PA foi medida nos tempos basal, 60 e 120 min. A sedação foi baseada na escala Ramsay. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo 1 (n= 80) recebeu expansão volêmica apenas com HA grave (queda da PA média [PAM] > 20 por cento da PAM inicial) e/ou hipotensão postural; o Grupo 2 (n=100) recebeu expansão volêmica desde o início do teste. Nos dois grupos, a PAM caiu significativamente e 75 por cento apresentaram sonolência aos 60 min. Não houve correlação da queda da PAM com grau de sedação e dose administrada. O Grupo 1 apresentou mais hipotensão (59 por cento x 28 por cento) e maior queda da PAM aos 60 min. Apenas um paciente apresentou broncoespasmo. Concluímos que o efeito hipotensor da clonidina diminui com expansão volêmica desde o início no teste. Este teste deve ser sempre feito com acompanhamento médico especializado para observação estrita da PA e intervenção precoce, se necessária.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/adverse effects , Clonidine/adverse effects , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/chemically induced , Growth Hormone , Hypotension/chemically induced , Plasma Volume/drug effects , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists , Clonidine , Growth Hormone/drug effects , Hypotension/prevention & control , Pituitary Function Tests/adverse effects , Pituitary Function Tests/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Saline Solution, Hypertonic/therapeutic use , Time Factors
14.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 49(6): 983-90, 2005 Dec.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16544024

ABSTRACT

Conventional assessment of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus (DM) includes blood glucose attention to glycemia and glycated hemoglobin levels. Recently, we introduced the continuous glucose-monitoring test (CGM) (Medtronic Minimed-CGMS System Gold). Here we describe our experience with this methodology over the year 2004. A total of 141 CGM tests were performed over this period of time. Overall, 88% (n= 124) patients were diabetics (DM), 99 of them were insulin users. We found a strong correlation between glucose values obtained by CGM and capillary glucose measures (r= 0.926; p< 0.005). In diabetic patients, nocturnal hypoglycemia (< 50 mg/dL) was identified in approximately 35% (n= 44), hyperglycemic patterns (> 220 mg/dL) at specific times of day in approximately 44% and sustained hyperglycemia throughout the whole monitoring period in thirteen cases (10%). Twelve tests were performed to investigate the occurrence of hypoglycemia in non-diabetic subjects. Two tests came out very suggestive of "dumping", and in one case the CGMS supported the hypothesis of insulinoma. Partial monitoring interruptions have occurred in 15% of all tests. We concluded that CGMS is a useful methodology to investigate glycemic fluctuations, and it is also an important tool to adjust therapy in diabetic patients.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/standards , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Monitoring, Ambulatory/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Dumping Syndrome/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Hypoglycemia/prevention & control , Infant , Linear Models , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Ambulatory/adverse effects , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 47(1): 49-54, fev. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-336075

ABSTRACT

Avaliamos a resposta do perfil lipídico a uma intervenção não-farmacológica de curta duração, e investigamos se alterações nas lipoproteínas estavam presentes, antes da nefropatia diabética (ND) clínica, em 46 pacientes jovens com diabetes tipo 1 (DM 1), com idade de 15,5±1,5 anos submetidos a um programa de 8 dias de dieta apropriada e exercícios, durante controle glicêmico estável (glicemia média 110,3±27,1 mg/dl e HbAlc 6,9±1,3 por cento). No início, 65 por cento dos jovens apresentavam colesterol total z 160mg/dl (IC 95 por cento 0,51-0,78), enquanto que ao final somente 38 por cento (IC 95 por cento 0,24-0,51) tinham tais níveis. A melhora no perfil lipídico foi ainda melhor para a fração LDL, considerando que inicialmente 67 por cento mostravam valores acima de 100mg/dl (IC 95 por cento 0,55-0,78) e 24 por cento (IC 95 por cento 0,12-0,36) ao final. Valores de HDL-colesterol subnormais (

Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Exercise , Lipids , Albuminuria , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Insulin
16.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 42(6): 483-8, dez. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-230448

ABSTRACT

A osteopetrose é uma doença genética rara, com variaçao na sua expressividade e no seu modo de herança e que caracteriza-se, basicamente, pela esclerose óssea generalizada resultado de um desequilíbrio entre formaçao e reabsorçao ósseas. Descreveremos um caso desta doença em que um retardo de desenvolvimento associado a fraturas ósseas iniciaram a investigaçao. E.D.C., 19 anos e 9 meses, foi encaminhado ao serviço médico por alteraçao esquelética e baixa estatura. Iniciou aumento de volume testicular e pilificaçao pubiana aos 18 anos, com progressao lenta da puberdade. Há 6 meses apresentou fratura de antebraço após queda da própria altura. Ao exame físico apresentava estatura de 141,5 cm; peso 38,5 Kg; estadiamento puberal em GIII PII com idade óssea de 13 anos e 6 meses. O exame radiológico do esqueleto apresentou uma hiperdensidade óssea com alteraçoes típicas de osteopetrose, com sinais de fratura em ulna e colo de fêmur, ambos à direita. A densitometria óssea encontrava-se 10,65 e 15,55 desvios-padrao acima da média para sua idade em coluna lombar e fêmur respectivamente. As dosagens hormonais revelaram níveis reduzidos de testosterona total para a idade cronológica (245 ng/dl) com gonadotrofinas basais normais; hormônio de crescimento (GH) responsivo à hipoglicemia e níveis de fator de crescimento semelhante a insulina-I (IGF-I) diminuídos para o estádio puberal. Os níveis de cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), atividade de fosfatase alcalina (FA) e paratormônio intacto (PTH) plasmáticos estavam dentro da normalidade. A incidência de osteopetrose em nosso meio é bastante rara, e sua associaçao com baixa estatura e retardo puberal é conhecida sendo provavelmente de origem multifatorial, afetando mais intensamente as formas graves da doença onde a anemia crônica e infecçoes de repetiçao estao presentes. As alteraçoes displásicas do tecido ósseo e das cartilagens de crescimento inerentes a osteopetrose certamente desempenham um papel importante na baixa estatura.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Growth Disorders , Osteopetrosis , Body Height , Bone and Bones/abnormalities , Densitometry , Forearm Injuries
17.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 6(4): 431-40, jul.-ago. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-266088

ABSTRACT

Sintomas e sinais cardiovasculares säo frequentes no hipertiroidismo. Neste artigo revisamos os avanços no entedimento do mecanismo de açäo dos hormônios tiroidianos no coraçäo, a fisiopatologia, o quadro clínico, o diagnóstico e o tratamento das manifestaçöes cardíacas no hipertiroidismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Pregnancy , Aged , Heart/physiopathology , Thyroid Hormones , Propranolol , Receptors, Thyrotropin , Thyrotoxicosis/complications , Thyrotoxicosis/therapy , Time Factors
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