Prevalence and Risk Factors of Prenatal and Postnatal Depressive Symptoms in Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal and postnatal depression (PND) is associated with adverse outcomes for mother, fetus, and child. The aim of study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional and hospital-based survey of 2305 pregnant women and post-partum women (18-48 years) that was registered in the Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry (BPMHR) database from June 2020 to March 2021. Two questionnaires, including demographics and depression, were analyzed in this study. Also, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the depressive symptoms. Independent t test and the analysis of variance were used to compare the means. Multiple logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors for depressive symptoms. RESULTS: According to the EPDS scale, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.8% in the pregnant woman group in comparison with the postpartum period (11.6%). Risk factors for antenatal depressive symptoms were parity (women with parity ≥ 4 vs. 1 parity, ß=1.808, P=0.020), two groups of gestational age (gestational age ≤12 weeks vs. 28 weeks, ß=1.562 P=0.030) as well as (gestational age 21-27 weeks vs. 28 weeks (ß=1.586, P=0.033), and high-risk pregnancy (high-risk vs. low-risk pregnancy, ß=1.457, P=0.003). For postnatal depressive symptoms, none of the factors were a significant risk. CONCLUSION: Prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms should be screened, particularly for women in the first and second trimesters, with high parity, and those with a high-risk pregnancy, as recommended by the present study.

Psychological distress in pregnancy and postpartum: a cross-sectional study of Babol pregnancy mental health registry.

BACKGROUND: Psychological distress (PD) is a significant issue during pregnancy and postpartum, adversely affecting both children and mothers. This study aims to determine PD's prevalence and risk factors in a large Iranian population sample during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Babol Pregnancy Mental Health Registry (located in the north of Iran) between June 2020 and March 2021. A total of 2305 women were included, with 1639 during pregnancy and 666 during postpartum. Psychological distress was assessed using the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI-18), and data were analyzed using independent t-tests and multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS: The prevalence of psychological distress, defined by a cut-off score of BSI ≥ 13, was 19% during pregnancy and 15% during postpartum. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that high-risk pregnancy was the leading risk factor for psychological distress during the antenatal period (ß = 1.776, P < 0.001), as well as its three subscales: somatization (ß = 1.355, P = 0.019), anxiety symptoms (ß = 2.249, P < 0.001), and depressive symptoms (ß = 1.381, P = 0.028). Additionally, women with a gestational age < 20 weeks had a higher risk of psychological distress (ß = 1.344, P = 0.038) and the somatization subscale (ß = 1.641, P < 0.001). During the postpartum period, women residing in urban areas were at higher risk of psychological distress (ß = 1.949, P = 0.012), as well as two subscales: anxiety symptoms (ß = 1.998, P = 0.012) and depressive symptoms (ß = 1.949, P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of psychological distress emphasizes detecting and treating PD during pregnancy and postpartum, particularly in women with high-risk pregnancies. This study suggests that obstetricians and midwives should implement programs to identify women experiencing psychological distress during early pregnancy through postpartum visits.

Development of computer-aided model to differentiate COVID-19 from pulmonary edema in lung CT scan: EDECOVID-net.

The efforts made to prevent the spread of COVID-19 face specific challenges in diagnosing COVID-19 patients and differentiating them from patients with pulmonary edema. Although systemically administered pulmonary vasodilators and acetazolamide are of great benefit for treating pulmonary edema, they should not be used to treat COVID-19 as they carry the risk of several adverse consequences, including worsening the matching of ventilation and perfusion, impaired carbon dioxide transport, systemic hypotension, and increased work of breathing. This study proposes a machine learning-based method (EDECOVID-net) that automatically differentiates the COVID-19 symptoms from pulmonary edema in lung CT scans using radiomic features. To the best of our knowledge, EDECOVID-net is the first method to differentiate COVID-19 from pulmonary edema and a helpful tool for diagnosing COVID-19 at early stages. The EDECOVID-net has been proposed as a new machine learning-based method with some advantages, such as having simple structure and few mathematical calculations. In total, 13 717 imaging patches, including 5759 COVID-19 and 7958 edema images, were extracted using a CT incision by a specialist radiologist. The EDECOVID-net can distinguish the patients with COVID-19 from those with pulmonary edema with an accuracy of 0.98. In addition, the accuracy of the EDECOVID-net algorithm is compared with other machine learning methods, such as VGG-16 (Acc = 0.94), VGG-19 (Acc = 0.96), Xception (Acc = 0.95), ResNet101 (Acc = 0.97), and DenseNet20l (Acc = 0.97).

Efficacy of psychotherapy for anxiety reduction in hospital management of women successfully treated for preterm labor: a randomized controlled trial.

Preterm labor (PTL) is associated with high anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The study investigated the effect of adding psychotherapy to hospital management of pregnant women with successfully treated for PTLon improving anxiety, pregnancy stress, and perceived control. In a randomized controlled trial study, sixty pregnant women with gestational ages of 24 to 37 weeks and successfully treated forPTL were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The experimental group received psychotherapy along with medical care in individual face-to-facesessions, 1 h per day for 6 consecutive days.The control group received medical care for PTL. Objective outcomes were assessed via the State-Anxiety Inventory, Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ), and Perceived Pregnancy Control at pre-trial and post-trial. The results revealed that psychotherapy significantly improved mean pregnancy distress (45.80 ± 2.29 vs. 43.80 ± 1.93), state anxiety (47.46 ± 5.92 vs. 41.60 ± 5.46), and perceived control (2.86 ± 1.59 vs. 5.26 ± 1.38) in women with PTL from beginning to end of the intervention. The findings suggest that adding psychotherapy to hospital management of women successfully treated for PTLcan be considered a potential method to reduce anxiety and pregnancy-specific stress.