Molecular evidence for the involvement of alternative splicing in jejunum epithelial cells in broiler chickens fed dietary supplementation with olive mill wastewater.

There is no doubt that alternative splicing is conserved in chickens and mammals, but evaluating the effects of nutrition on alternative splicing in chickens is crucial in a wide range of fields. Although the olive diet has been extensively studied in human, mouse, and chicken systems, little is known about its impact on chicken alternative splicing systems. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the effect of feeding polyphenol-enriched olive mill wastewater to female broiler chickens via alternative splicing by analyzing high-throughput sequencing raw reads of RNA utilizing genomics and bioinformatics methodologies. It also aimed to look for differences in isoform expression and discover molecular functions and biological processes linked to differentially transcribed genes. The findings of our study revealed that 51 genes involved in isoform switching and alternative splicing events were not used evenly. This is due to the reduced use of ATSS in olive mill wastewater groups compared to control groups. Furthermore, the gene ontology analysis revealed that 25 GO terms were enriched in biological processes, 16 GO terms were enriched in molecular function, and 25 GO terms were enriched in cellular components. Kinase and adenylyltransferase activities were significantly enriched in terms. The molecular analysis presented herein provides valuable insight into the role of phenolics in alternative gene-splicing mechanisms in chickens, demonstrating how an industrial waste product can be repurposed as a feed supplement with a satisfactory outcome.

In vitro Modulation of the LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Profile of Hepatocytes and Macrophages- Approaches for Intervention in Obesity?

Low grade endotoxemia is a feature of obesity which is linked to development of steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, macrophages (J774) and hepatocytes (HepG2) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli 0111: B4 and analyzed for modulation of this response when preconditioned or stimulated subsequent to LPS, with different doses of Vitamin D3 or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) over a time period of 1 and 5 days. Pro-inflammatory TNFα and pro-fibrotic TGFß released into the supernatants were measured by ELISA; qPCR was performed for Srebp-1c and PPARα mRNA (genes for products involved in fatty acid synthesis and catabolism, respectively). Vitamin D3 and DHA exerted a consistent, dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect, and increased PPARα relative to Srebp-1c in both cell types. By contrast, addition of free fatty acids (FFA, oleic acid/palmitic acid 2:1) caused aggravation of LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and an increase of Srebp-1c relative to PPARα. Our results argue in favor of dietary supplementation of Vitamin D3 or DHA (and avoidance of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids) to alleviate development of fatty liver disease.