A multiparametric MRI-based CAD system for accurate diagnosis of bladder cancer staging.

Appropriate treatment of bladder cancer (BC) is widely based on accurate and early BC staging. In this paper, a multiparametric computer-aided diagnostic (MP-CAD) system is developed to differentiate between BC staging, especially T1 and T2 stages, using T2-weighted (T2W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI. Our framework starts with the segmentation of the bladder wall (BW) and localization of the whole BC volume (Vt) and its extent inside the wall (Vw). Our segmentation framework is based on a fully connected convolution neural network (CNN) and utilized an adaptive shape model followed by estimating a set of functional, texture, and morphological features. The functional features are derived from the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the apparent diffusion coefficient. Texture features are radiomic features estimated from T2W-MRI, and morphological features are used to describe the tumors' geometric. Due to the significant texture difference between the wall and bladder lumen cells, Vt is parcelled into a set of nested equidistance surfaces (i.e., iso-surfaces). Finally, features are estimated for individual iso-surfaces, which are then augmented and used to train and test machine learning (ML) classifier based on neural networks. The system has been evaluated using 42 data sets, and a leave-one-subject-out approach is employed. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) are 95.24%, 95.24%, 95.24%, and 0.9864, respectively. The advantage of fusion multiparametric iso-features is highlighted by comparing the diagnostic accuracy of individual MRI modality, which is confirmed by the ROC analysis. Moreover, the accuracy of our pipeline is compared against other statistical ML classifiers (i.e., random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM)). Our CAD system is also compared with other techniques (e.g., end-to-end convolution neural networks (i.e., ResNet50).

Operative management of nonunion scaphoid fracture in children: a case report and literature review.

Scaphoid fractures are uncommon in children, but if maltreated, they can result in nonunion. The authors report a case of left scaphoid nonunion in an 11-year-old boy. The operative management of this pseudarthrosis was performed (K-wire fixation and bone grafting of scaphoid). After a 10-month follow-up period, the left wrist regained a full range of motion with no impairment. The roentgenograms showed union of the scaphoid. Surgical management of scaphoid nonunion fractures in children offers successful fusion, with very low nonunion rate and patient's satisfaction.

Daxx is required for stress-induced cell death and JNK activation.

Daxx has been implicated in the modulation of apoptosis in response to various stimuli. In the nucleus, Daxx interacts and colocalizes with the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) into the PML-nuclear body. Moreover, overexpressed Daxx positively modulates FAS-ligand and TGFbeta-induced apoptosis. However, recent reports indicate that Daxx can also act as an antiapoptotic factor. As most studies on the role of Daxx in cell death have been conducted using tumour cell lines, we analysed the function of Daxx in physiological settings. We found that Daxx is induced upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and hydrogen peroxide treatment. We employed RNA interference to downregulate Daxx in primary fibroblasts. Remarkably, Daxx-depleted cells are resistant to cell death induced by both UV irradiation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the downregulation of Daxx results in impaired MKK/c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. This is the first evidence that Daxx promotes cell death and JNK activation in physiological conditions.

[Therapeutic ligature of hypogastric arteries: color Doppler follow-up]. / Ligature therapeutique des arteres hypogastriques: surveillance par echo-Doppler couleur.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the interest of color Doppler sonography in the watching of therapeutic ligature of hypogastric arteries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirteen female patients presenting a serious haemorrhage in the post-partum and be in managed by bilateral hypogastric ligature, have undergone a systematic protocol of investigation involving a Doppler sonography in the fourth day after intervention and then monthly until repermeabilization of the internal iliac arteries. RESULTS: In all cases, the first exam showed down-side the ligature, a flow inversion with an important pelvic collateral circulation. The next Doppler exams showed repermeabilization of the hypogastric arteries after an average interval of 5 months (extremes: 1 to 6 months). CONCLUSION: Color Doppler showed the resolvent character of therapeutic ligature of the hypogastric arteries and may estimate with sufficient accuracy the interval of repermeabilization.

[Our regions evaluate the program. Contraception by injectable progestin, Depo Provera: opportunity, continuity and analyses of the situation in central west Tunisia]. / Nos regions evaluent le programme. La contraception par progestatif injectable, Depo-Provera: opportunite, continuite et analyses de la situation au Centre-Ouest (Tunisie).

PIP: Injectable progestin contraception is controversial. It is disliked by gynecologists, who tend to see only the users with complaints, but is sought by many women for its simplicity of use, noninvasiveness, and independence of coitus. Because it is associated with no major risks, the method should be reevaluated. Records of 3174 users of Depo-Provera in the Center West region of Tunisia were examined for 1995 and 1996. The users' average age was 31.5 years and the average parity was 3-4. The continuation rate, a good indicator of acceptability, was low: only 48% returned for a second injection, 24% for a third, and 13% for a fourth. Only 1% completed 2 years of use. The causes of discontinuation were amenorrhea (10%), bleeding problems (6%), desire for pregnancy (2%), and change of method (7%). 75% of users were lost to follow-up, and it is likely that a significant number sought specialized care for menstrual problems. It is concluded that Depo-Provera still has a place in family planning, but it should be encouraged more for short-term or temporary use than as a long-term solution to contraception problems.^ieng

[Pseudotumoral abdominal cysto-steato-necrosis: an unusual etiology]. / Cystostéatonécrose abdominale pseudo-tumorale: une étiologie inhabituelle.

We report an unusual case of subcutaneous pseudo-neoplastic focal fat necrosis in a woman with a Mersilen plate placed outside the abdominal wall muscles. To our knowledge, this association has not been previously reported in the radiologic literature. The differential diagnosis using ultrasound and computerized tomography is discussed.