ABSTRACT
A nonlinear-noise filtering method for image processing, based on the entropy concept is developed and compared to the well-known median filter and to the center weighted median filter (CWM). The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through subjective and objective criteria. It is shown that this method performs better than the classical median for different types of noise and can perform better than the CWM filter in some cases.
Subject(s)
Blindness/rehabilitation , Computer Systems , Sensory Aids , Communication Aids for Disabled , Humans , Microcomputers , TouchABSTRACT
The chemiluminescence (CL) response of normal peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in ascitic fluids (cirrhotic = 32; malignant = 17) was studied independently of the ascitic fluid complement activity. CL response and fibronectin levels were higher in malignant ascitic fluid than in cirrhotic ascitic fluid (p less than 0.001). Addition of pure fibronectin or malignant ascitic fluids to cirrhotic ascitic fluids increased the CL response of normal PMN. These findings suggest that the susceptibility of cirrhotic patients to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a multifactorial defect involving factors distinct from low C3 levels. Fibronectin is an important factor in the promotion of the respiratory burst of normal PMN stimulated by opsonized zymosan or PMA in ascitic fluid. Our results suggest that low levels of ascitic fluid fibronectin could partly explain the high susceptibility of cirrhotic patients to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Subject(s)
Ascitic Fluid/cytology , Fibronectins/physiology , Neutrophils/metabolism , Respiratory Burst/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ascitic Fluid/chemistry , Ascitic Fluid/metabolism , Bacterial Infections , Disease Susceptibility , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Fibronectins/analysis , Fibronectins/metabolism , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Luminescent Measurements , Middle Aged , Neutrophils/physiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/physiopathology , Peritonitis/epidemiology , Peritonitis/etiology , Respiratory Burst/physiology , Risk Factors , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/physiopathology , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology , Zymosan/pharmacologySubject(s)
Adipates/urine , Brain Diseases/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Malonates/urine , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/drug therapy , Muscular Diseases/drug therapy , Riboflavin/therapeutic use , 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases/deficiency , 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases/metabolism , Brain Diseases/congenital , Brain Diseases/urine , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Female , Fibroblasts/enzymology , Humans , Infant , Liver Cirrhosis/congenital , Liver Cirrhosis/urine , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/urine , Muscular Diseases/congenital , Muscular Diseases/urine , Myristic Acid , Myristic Acids/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Palmitic Acid , Palmitic Acids/metabolismABSTRACT
A technique for the contrast enhancement of a picture is proposed. The method is derived from the entropy concept of information theory. The originality of the algorithm rests on the use of a local contrast to define the digital entropy. The basic idea of the treatment is to enhance the contrast by transforming the global entropy. The same technique can also be used for an adaptive smoothing processing.
