[Expression of parodontal tissue matrix metalloproteinases-1,2 in adolescent and their role in gingival pathology].

Expression of matrix mettaloproteinases-1,2 were determine immunohistochemistry in gingival mucosa cells in Adolescent groups aged 9-13 and 14-17 years. The material was collected in cohort group of 50 persons. Relative data base - stomatological status in 618 school children aged 9-17 years (304 girls and 314 boys). The MMP-1,2 levels were statistically higher in epitheliocytes, macrophages and capillaries endotheliocytes in all instances not depend on the sex and correlate with mucosa disease activity. It was found that MMP-1,2 expression were higher in prepubertal group. Activity of MMP-1, 2 in gingival mucosa was significantly elevated in female 14-17 years group, than those associated with group 9-13 years.

[The importance of local and general factors in development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children and adolescents].

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of local and general adverse risk factors and their role in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases in children and adolescents. The study of the dental status among 618 school children, 9 to 15 years of age has been performed. The obtained results revealed an ambiguous influence of general and local risk factors on the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Namely, among the general risk factors the main role is given to hormonal functioning state of juvenile age (26.5%) - (arhythmia formation of hormonal activity). Among the local risk factors inducing inflammatory periodontal diseases at young age, the most significant are tooth-jaw anomalies (32.2%), especially - dental occlusion pathology, lips' bridle attachment anomalies, absence of interdental contacts, small vestibule of the mouth and so on. Poor oral hygiene, however, is also a significant factor in all age groups. Definition of the role and importance of general and local risk factors, taking into consideration patient's age, is of great importance in organization of early prevention, giving the possibility to predict disease possible development, choose most appropriate way to treat the specific situation, reduce the need of complex treatment and improve treatment outcomes.

[The level of matrix metalloproteinases and type IV collagen in the gingival mucosa under different clinical forms of periodontitis in pre-and pubertal periods and their prognostic value].

The purpose of the study - the analysis of the prevalence and gravity of periodontal diseases among school adolescents and detection the relationship between the degree of periodontal tissues changes and the hormonal status of the prepubertal and pubertal periods. The total number of observations - 618 Tbilisi schoolchildren at the age of 9 to 17 years. Cohort group (n=50) was divided by age: 1) 9-13 years (n=26), 2) 14-17 years (n=24). The material for morphological and immunohistochemical study were the samples of periodontal tissues, received during the tooth extraction according the orthodontic testimony. The samples of the gingival mucosa was stained by hematoxylin and eosin, in the same samples the Matrix Metalloproteinases expression and activity were determined by immunohistochemistry using a primary antibody MMP-1 and MMP-2 ("Novocastra", UK). The results of immunohistochemical reactions were estimated in scores by semiquantitative method. For the detection of type IV collagen in basement membranes the samples were stained by the "Direct Red-80" ("Sigma"). It was found that the increase of Matrix Metalloproteinases expression and the type IV collagen degeneration in basement membrane depend on the age, particularly the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in the period of 14-17 years (puberty) is upwards than in the group of 9-13 years. Studies have also demonstrated the clinical significance of Matrix Metalloproteinases ММР-1, 2 activity indicating the dissociation of the extracellular substance and type IV collagen in the assessment of severity and prognosis of periodontal complex pathology in pre-and pubertal periods.

[Periodontal tissue pathology in pubertal children (pupils)].

The study aimed at investigation of the rate of periodontal pathologies in juvenile adolescents, the analysis of the severity of the disease and detection of the correlation between the periodontal tissue pathology and hormonal status of pre-and pubertal periods. A stomatologic (dental) status of 618 pupils, 9-15 of ages in Tbilisi General Education Schools has been studied--to detect the rate and intensity of periodontal pathologies and analyze the influence of hormonal changes of juvenile periodontal tissues. According to the obtained results we can conclude that the high rate of periodontal diseases has been fixed in pre-pubertal and pubertal schoolchildren (pupils). It should be emphasized that the degree of periodontal tissue pathologies increases with age. In addition, the mentioned pathology was more frequently fixed and expressed in girls, 12-13 of ages and in boys, 14-15 of ages. Juvenile periodontal pathologies most frequently is generalized, which most frequently is aggravated with the existence of jaw-dental anomalies and the poor oral hygiene status.

Ultrastructural and molecular-biological features of inflammatory-destructive processes in pathology of parodontal complex in children.

In children aged 11-15. under mild and moderate stage parodontitis the ultrastracture and Citokeratines 10/13 and 14 expression in epithelial lining of oral mucosa were analyzed: 1. in gingival epithelia 2. in alveolar processes epithelia. 14 cases without sings of inflammation serve as control tissue. Total number of cases - 33. After informed consent had been obtained, simples of histological tissue specimens were collected on surgical extraction of the tooth. In the control group decision on the tooth extraction was taken for the orthodontic causes. Our data indicate that: 1. Heterogenity is typical to the oral cavity epithelium: a) Ultrastructural signs of keratinization and dissociation, with typical high activity of the terminal differentiation marker cytokeratin 10/13, predominate in the keratinocytes of gingival mucosa. b) Cells with signs of germination activity predominate in the ultrastructure of mucosa alveolar processes. Such cells express cytokeratin 14, typical to nonkeratinized epithelium. 2. Tissue architectonics as well as protein contents of cytoskeleton (judging by cytokeratine expression) are speared in the parodontal pathology in children, however in contrast to alveolar mucosa, damage to the microcirculatory vessels is more pronounced in gingival mucosa. 3. Expression of cytokeratines 10/13 and 14 may indicate the process of lysis and reparation of periodontal ligament.

[The evidence of matrix metalloproteinases and its tissue inhibitors in children's affected gingiva].

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and its tissue inhibitors (TIMP) were studied in 14 affected and 11 "control" samples from children in cases of dental extraction. Cytokeratin 14 coexpression also was analyzed in this materials by immunohistochemical study. Total RNA was extracted and the transcript levels for MMP-19 and TIMP-4 were determined by semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase Chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated direct correlation between increased MMP/TIMP ration and inflamed gingival tissue breakdown.