Management of Major Postcholecystectomy Biliary Injuries: An Analysis of Surgical Results in 62 Patients.

BACKGROUND: Management of injuries sustained during cholecystectomy requires expertise and involves a patient who is troubled, usually drained of personal resources. There has been an increase in incidence with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The standard surgical management done for major biliary injuries is Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (R-en-Y HJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients managed surgically for definitive management of biliary injuries in the form of R-en-Y HJ were included. Data were collected from prospectively maintained records and through outpatient follow-up. Demographic data, early and late surgical complications, long-term outcomes, and follow-up results were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 62 patients, 26 were males, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 13.5 years. A total of 24 patients presented with ongoing biliary fistula. The Strasberg-Bismuth type of injury included types E1 in 8 (13%), E2 in 31 (50%), E3 in 19 (30.6%), and E4 in four patients (6.4%). There were no postoperative mortality and morbidity in 27.4% of patients. Atrophy-hypertrophy complex was seen in four patients, vascular injury in six patients, and an internal fistulisation with duodenum in two patients. Presence of comorbidities (P = 0.05), male gender (P = 0.03), tobacco use (P = 0.04), low albumin (P = 0.016), and more proximal (E4-E1) type of injury (P = 0.008) were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity (P < 0.05). The mean duration of patient follow-up was 26.2 ± 21.1 months. CONCLUSION: Optimization of preoperative nutrition, avoidance of intraoperative blood transfusion, proper timing of repair, and tension-free R-en-Y HJ draining all the ducts which is done at an experienced hepatobiliary center provide the best outcome.

Management of major postcholecystectomy biliary injuries: An analysis of surgical results in 62 patients

Background: Management of injuries sustained during cholecystectomy requires expertise and involves a patient who is troubled, usually drained of personal resources. There has been an increase in incidence with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The standard surgical management done for major biliary injuries is Roux-en-Y Hepaticojejunostomy (R-en-Y HJ). Materials and Methods: Patients managed surgically for definitive management of biliary injuries in the form of R-en-Y HJ were included. Data were collected from prospectively maintained records and through outpatient follow-up. Demographic data, early and late surgical complications, long-term outcomes, and follow-up results were analyzed. Results: Among the 62 patients, 26 were males, with a mean age of 37.4 ± 13.5 years. A total of 24 patients presented with ongoing biliary fistula. The Strasberg­Bismuth type of injury included types E1 in 8 (13%), E2 in 31 (50%), E3 in 19 (30.6%), and E4 in four patients (6.4%). There were no postoperative mortality and morbidity in 27.4% of patients. Atrophy­hypertrophy complex was seen in four patients, vascular injury in six patients, and an internal fistulisation with duodenum in two patients. Presence of comorbidities (P = 0.05), male gender (P = 0.03), tobacco use (P = 0.04), low albumin (P = 0.016), and more proximal (E4-E1) type of injury (P = 0.008) were independent predictors of postoperative morbidity (P < 0.05). The mean duration of patient follow-up was 26.2 ± 21.1 months. Conclusion: Optimization of preoperative nutrition, avoidance of intraoperative blood transfusion, proper timing of repair, and tension-free R-en-Y HJ draining all the ducts which is done at an experienced hepatobiliary center provide the best outcome

Portal hypertension: effect of early splenic artery ligation on platelets count during splenectomy.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hypersplenism due to splenic congestion is observed in portal hypertensive patients. This study was done to know the change in platelets count following early ligation of splenic artery during splenectomy in patients with thrombocytopenia due to portal hypertension with a hypothesis that splenic decongestion results in increased platelets count; thereby platelet transfusion can be avoided. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with platelets count <100,000 per mm(3) due to portal hypertension were involved and we followed a protocol of ligating splenic artery first, followed by 30 minutes waiting period for splenic decongestion. Blood sample was collected at 5 and 30 minutes for the estimation of platelets count. RESULTS: Significant rise in platelets was observed after 5 and 30 minutes of early ligation of splenic artery with mean rise being 23735 ± 15417 and 35085 ± 20458 per mm(3), respectively. The rise in platelets at 30 minutes was significant when compared with 5 minutes rise with mean platelets count being 91661 and 103070 per mm(3) at 5 and 30 minutes, respectively. The platelets rise was equal to 4 and 6 units of platelets concentrates, respectively. CONCLUSION: Early ligation of splenic artery during splenectomy for portal hypertension results in significant rise in platelets after 5 and 30 minutes. This method conserves platelets and avoids platelets transfusion and its complications.

Laparoscopic appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis: is it safe and justified?: A retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic appendectomy has some advantages over open appendectomy, the literature suggests conflicting results regarding postoperative complications for complicated appendicitis. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with complicated appendicitis managed surgically at Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Center, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India was undertaken. A total of 497 patients were admitted with acute appendicitis and operated during the study period of 10 years from January 1999 to July 2009, out of which 119 (24%) patients had complicated appendicitis whereas 378 (76%) had uncomplicated acute appendicitis. The mean age of patients included in the study was 33.42 years (range, 4 to 80 y) with a male: female ratio of 2:1. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients (83.19%) underwent laparoscopic appendicectomy and 1 patient underwent laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy for suspected mass lesion of the cecum. Eleven patients (9.24%) underwent open appendicectomy because of preoperative clinical features of peritonitis in 10 patients and mass in 1 patient. Seven patients (5.88%) had conversion from laparoscopic to open procedure. The overall mean operating time was 68 minutes (25 to 180 min). For laparoscopic appendicectomy, 66 minutes (25 to 180 min), for open appendicectomy 76 minutes (50 to 110 min), for lap to open conversion 85 minutes (40 to 135 min), and for drainage procedure 67 minutes (60 to 75 min). A total of 28 patients developed complication in the form of wound infection (7), pneumonia (8), intra-abdominal abscess (11), and enterocutaneous fistula (2) after percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal collection. All were managed conservatively and no mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity rates, particularly for intra-abdominal abscesses and wound infection were less for laparoscopic appendectomy in complicated appendicitis than those reported in the literature for open appendectomy, whereas operating times and hospital stays were similar.

Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia and bilio-pancreatic diversion: A case report.

SUMMARY: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is typically an autosomal dominant disorder but a rare variant, autosomal recessive FH (ARH) does also exist. The most serious symptom is sudden death, myocardial infarction, or angina due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Therefore, treatment of ARH is aimed to alter the course of disease before the onset of CAD. Multiple treatment options available varying from life style modification to organ replacement with favourable outcome. We report a case of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH) who was treated with bilio-pancreatic diversion (BPD) with satisfying results.: