ABSTRACT
An overview of the existing devices on the world market for detecting foci of demineralization and hidden carious cavities is presented, their capabilities and principle of operation are analyzed. Dental morbidity among the children's population in our country remains high, which is largely due to insufficient attention to the identification and registration of initial foci of enamel demineralization. The study made it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of existing hardware methods for early diagnosis of caries in children and adults.
Subject(s)
Dental Caries , Tooth Demineralization , Adult , Child , Dental Caries/diagnosis , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Dental Enamel , Early Diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
We analyzed associations of polymorphic markers of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, ERCC2), cell cycle control genes (TP53, MDM2, and CDKN1A), methylation of promoter region, and mutation 5382insC of BRCA1 gene in ovarian cancer with effectiveness of platinumbased chemotherapy assessed by the median of progression-free survival time for markers of DNA repair genes and by relapse risk for all studied markers. An increase in the median of progression-free survival time for carriers of the Gln allele (Ñ=0.025) and Gln/Gln genotype (Ñ=0.022) of the Gln399Arg XRCC1 was observed during the 19-months period after chemotherapy. In carriers of C/C genotype of 5382insC mutation of BRCA1 gene (n=6), no relapses were observed (Ñ=0.035), while 17 of 49 patients without this mutation developed relapses. Of 14 patients with BRCA1 gene function inactivation due to promoter methylation or the presence of the C/C genotype of 5382insC, one relapse was observed (p=0.033). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of markers of the XRCC1, TP53, MDM2 genes, BRCA1 gene inactivation, and type of surgery with the risk of relapse during the follow-up period up to 19 months after the end of chemotherapy (Ñ≤0.0007).
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Platinum Compounds/therapeutic use , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics , Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/mortality , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , BRCA1 Protein/genetics , BRCA1 Protein/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma, Endometrioid/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Endometrioid/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics , Carcinoma, Endometrioid/mortality , Cell Cycle/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/diagnosis , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/drug therapy , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/mortality , DNA Repair , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Humans , Middle Aged , Mutation , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality , Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Progression-Free Survival , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism , X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1/genetics , X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1/metabolism , Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein/genetics , Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein/metabolismABSTRACT
We studied the association of polymorphic markers of cell cycle control genes (Arg72Pro of the TP53 gene, T(-410)G of the MDM2 gene, and Ser31Arg of the CDKN1A gene) in ovarian cancer and progression-free survival following platinum-based chemotherapy. Tumor tissue samples obtained from 49 patients who had undergone chemotherapy were examined. Patients received standard platinum-based chemotherapy and were observed until disease progression. Polymorphic markers of genes were evaluated by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR. In patients carrying the G allele of the T(-410)G marker of the MDM2 gene, a decreasing trend was observed in median progression-free survival. An increase in the median progression-free survival was observed in carriers of the Pro allele of the TP53 gene (p=0.045). Furthermore, a stronger association was noted with carriers of the minor Pro/Pro homozygous genotype relative to the Arg/Arg genotype (p=0.007). In the subgroup of patients who underwent optimal or complete cytoreductive surgery, carriage of the minor Arg allele of the Ser31Arg marker (CDN1A gene) was associated with a decrease in the median progression-free survival time (p=0.004).
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Carboplatin/therapeutic use , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Adult , Aged , Alleles , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/mortality , Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Middle Aged , Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy , Ovarian Neoplasms/mortality , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Paclitaxel/therapeutic use , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Progression-Free Survival , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/metabolism , Treatment Outcome , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolismABSTRACT
Cervical cancer takes second place in morbidity and third place in mortality from gynecological cancer. Advanced stages among newly diagnosed cases is still large. The "gold standard" of treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin that results in a lower risk of death. Improvement of radiotherapy methods allowed to bring optimal dose to the primary tumor with the inclusion of regional metastasis areas with less risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissue and organs. The search for alternative combinations of cytostatics, modes of drug administration, adjuvant chemotherapy after chemoradiotherapy showed an increase in survival of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chemoradiotherapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy , Chemoradiotherapy/methods , Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Clinical Trials as Topic , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Humans , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Given the high rate of recurrence of ovarian cancer, the search for new therapeutic strategies are topical issue. According to various studies the effectiveness of drug treatment relapse depends on the platinum-free interval, increasing in proportion to its duration. If therapy is platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer is a standard approach, the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent algorithm is not fully defined. Comparison of platinum and non-platinum combinations revealed the advantage of combined platinum- treatment for patients with platinum-free interval of more than 6 months without an increase in life expectancy. Non-platinum combination of trabected in with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin has shown comparable efficacy with an advantage in overall survival in patients with platinum-free interval of 6-12 months. A platinum-free interval prolongation by the use of non-platinum mode increases the efficiency of subsequent platinum-based therapy, increasing the life expectancy of patients. Currently under study molecular markers and prognostic factors allowing to define a group of patients who have the greatest benefit from the use trabectedin with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin as second-line chemotherapy.