[Morphologic findings of the arteries and veins of the ninth intercostal area]. / Morfologiia i morfometricheskie osobennosti razlichnykh uchastkov deviatogo mezhreber'ia arterii i ven.

Based on the morphologic and morphometric findings, the authors recommend the use of the IXth rib with vascular pedicle on microvascular anastomoses in reconstructive operations on the facial skeleton taking into account the age of patients and anatomy of the vessels.

[The effect of perftoran on the morphofunctional status of the digestive system organs in experimental duodenal ulcer]. / Vliianie perftorana na morfo-funktsional'noe sostoianie organov pishchevaritel'noi sistemy pri éksperimental'noi iazve dvenadtsatiterstnoi kishki.

The authors studied the effect of perftoran (PF) on the morpho-functional parameters of alimentary system organs (ASO) (liver, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine) in rats with experimental chronic acetate duodenal ulcer. Inflammatory-infiltrative and dystrophic changes were found in the ASO tissues which led to activation of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in their homogenates. PF pharmacotherapy reduces the inflammatory-infiltrative changes in the ASO tissues and normalizes the enzyme systems of antioxidant protection.

[The morphology of regional lymphatic nodes in lymphotropic therapy of acute otitis media]. / Morfologiia regionarnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov pri limfotropnoi terapii ostrogo srednego otita.

Lymphotropic therapy (LT) was given to rabbits with experimental acute otitis media. The response was good. Reduced vascular blood filling, edema tissue detritus, fibrin, more compact location of lymphocytes in the lymph node cortex reflected normalization of the lymph node structure and improvement of the drainage function.

[The morphological changes in the lung after its dissection with a CO2 laser and a plasma scalpel in an experiment]. / Morfologicheskie izmeneniia legkogo posle rassecheniia ego s pomoshch'iu CO2-lazera i plazmennogo skal'pelia v éksperimente.

An advantage of the laser scalpel over the plasma scalpel was shown in experiments in animals (60 observation). On the 3rd-5th days after cutting with a laser the inflammation symptoms subside and on the 7th day there appear fine fibrous connective tissue since the operation with the plasma scalpel is followed by the formation of the fine fibrous connective tissue as late as on the 10th-14th days, the inflammatory reaction being observed up to the 30th day.

[Combined use of various laser radiations in thoracic surgery in experimental studies]. / Sochetannoe primenenie pazlichnykh vidov lazernogo izlucheniia v torakalnoi khirurgii v éksperimente.

The impact of various types of low-intensive lasers (He-Ne, copper vapour, ultraviolet, infrared, infrared gallium arsenide) on healing of a wound made by CO2 laser at an output power of 25 W was studied in an experiment on 120 albino Wistar rats. It was found that a concurrent application of high- and low-intensive lasers resulted in acceleration of reparative processes in the lung, stimulating the healing of laser-induced wounds. The infrared gallium arsenide laser was demonstrated to be the best tool in stimulating the healing process.

[The modelling of diffuse peritonitis]. / Modelirovanie razlitogo peritonita.

Peritonitis is still an urgent problem and its solution is determined to a great measure by purposeful studies in the field of pathogenesis and treatment. The creation of adequate models of peritonitis acquires particular significance. Eighty-four animals (dogs) were used to create the model. It is shown in the work that a standard model of generalized peritonitis can be produced by two injections of a polymicrobial suspension consisting of the most commonly encountered peritoneal microbes E. coli and B. fragilis. The suspension is injected into different levels of the abdominal cavity. With this method of administration of the polymicrobial suspension the model was reproduced in 90% of cases. Thus, the developed model resembles human peritonitis in the clinical picture and the laboratory and morphological values.

[The pulmonary distress syndrome during acute arterial occlusion of the lower extremities]. / Distress-sindrom legkikh pri ostroi arterial'noi neprokhodimosti nizhnikh konechnostei.

After surgery for acute arterial occlusion in the lower extremities 59 patients have developed tachypnea, respiratory alkalosis and arterial hypoxemia. These symptoms persisted over the whole postoperative period. In 66% of dead patients pulmonary changes have been observed and only in 34% of patients who died suddenly the lungs were unaffected. Morphological changes in the lungs are most marked in long-standing ischemia and have the signs of the "shock lung" (adult respiratory distress syndrome). Pronounced changes in the respiratory function, acid-base balance, blood gas composition can account for a more severe course of the disease, deteriorate the prognosis, predetermine multiorgan failure in the early postoperative period.

[Changes in the peritoneum of the small intestine and diaphragm in experimental portal hypertension]. / Izmeneniia briushiny tonkoi kishki i diafragmy pri éksperimental'noiportal'noi gipertenzii.

Diaphragm and small intestine peritoneum morphology was studied in experimental portal hypertension in rats with the help of luminescent, transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Structural organizations of these peritoneum portions and performance function were different: fluid transudation realized through the small intestine peritoneum and resorption occurred via diaphragm peritoneum. Morphological signs allowed to judge about the increasing of fluid transudation in abdominal cavity and diaphragmatic resorption in early period of portal hypertension. Morphological alterations appeared in peritoneum resorption sites (pumping diaphragmatic hatchs) according to progress of portal hypertension that indicated decompensation process of peritoneal fluid absorption and led to ascites.

[Pathology of the lungs in patients with acute arterial obstruction in the lower extremities]. / Patologiia legkikh u bol'nykh s ostroi arterial'noi neprokhodimost'iu nizhnikh konechnostei.

The course of the early postoperative period has been analysed in 325 patients with acute thrombosis and embolism; the results of 104 autopsies have been reviewed and macro- and microscopic lung studies have been performed using light microscopy. It has been established that broncho-pulmonary complications are most frequently encountered in the early postoperative period. Morphological changes in the lungs are proportional to the duration and severity of acute ischemia. In durable and severe ischemia the changes are progressing and are characterized by the elements of the "shock" lung. The morphological changes observed specify mechanisms of the onset of acute respiratory failure and broncho-pulmonary complications. They must be taken into consideration during intensive therapy.

[Routes of resorption of peritoneal fluid in the diaphragm in liver cirrhosis (morphologic study)]. / Puti rezorbtsii peritoneal'noi zhidkosti v diafragme pri tsirroze pecheni (morfologicheskoe issledovanie)

The diaphragm peritoneum from 12 operated patients and 34 patients who died from liver cirrhosis with or without ascites was studied by means of light microscopy and electron transmission and scanning microscopy. Considerable lesions are found in the peritoneum: cuboidization of mesothelial cells, basal membrane thickening, dilation of stomata, lymphatic lacunae and collectors lumina. Liver cirrhosis with ascites is frequently followed by lymphatic vessels thrombosis and firm attachment of the diaphragm to the liver resulting in the inhibition of the ascitic liquid elimination. Thus both the enhancement of liquid transudation into the abdominal cavity and the disturbance of the drainage function of the diaphragm peritoneum take place.

[A comparative study of the quantitative distribution and ultrastructure of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of patients with chronic benign dermatoses and mycosis fungoides]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka kolichestvennogo raspredeleniia i ul'trastruktury kletok Langergansa v épidermise bol'nykh khronicheskimi dobrokachestvennymi dermatozami i gribovidnym mikozom.

Using histoenzymatic assay for ATPase activity and electron microscopy, Langerhans' cells (LC) in biopsy specimens taken from skin lesions of 20 patients with chronic benign dermatoses (CBD) and of 28 patients suffering from mycosis fungoides (MF) were identified. In the early lesions of MF the reduction of the number of cell dendrites, disappearance of normal arrangement and the reduced absolute quantity of LC were observed on comparison with patients with CBD. Ultrastructurally, the destroyed forms of LC were predominantly observed in MF lesions, while in cases of CBD most of the LC were functionally active. The authors suggest that the examination of functional activity, quantitative distribution and ultrastructural features of LC should be used as an early morphologic test for differential diagnosis of early signs of MF and CBD this being of vital importance for an adequate and due treatment.

[Structural bases of the barrier-protective function of the stomach and small intestine]. / Strukturnye osnovy bar'erno-zashchitnoi funktsii zheludka i tonkoi kishki.

The gastrointestinal tract acts as a barrier-protective tool in addition to its digestive and transport functions. The structural bases of the barrier protective function of the stomach and small intestine were shown in health, duodenal ulcer (DU), experimental gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU), vagotomy, and peritonitis in case of the interaction of these structures with parietal microflora (PM) which may be a valid criteria for assessing the barrier-protective function. PM increases in number in DU, GDU, vagotomy, and peritonitis. Various modifying interventions can normalize this parameter. Identifying the components of protective levels makes it possible to differentiate the affect of protective levels and makes it possible to differentiate affect some links of the barrier-protective function in order to restore it or prevent its disturbance.

[Changes in erythrocytes, acid-base equilibrium and blood gases in acute thromboembolism of the aorta and major arteries]. / Izmeneniia éritrotsitov, kislotno-shchelochnogo ravnovesiia i gazov krovi pri ostrykh trombozakh i émboliiakh aorty i magistral'nykh arterii.

The article deals with the analysis of the course of the disease, the postoperative period, and complications in 293 patients and the results of study of the red cell ultrastructure and the acid-base equilibrium and blood gas composition in 33 patients with thrombosis and embolism of the main limb arteries. It was shown that the blood, its red cells, is the system which is mainly affected by endotoxins and high concentrations of biologically active substances occurring in the blood flow. According to the form of the red cells (normocytes, echinocytes, spheroechinocytes) and the quantitative relationship the depth of the pathological process can be judged. Shifts of the acid-base equilibrium in the direction of metabolic acidosis is compensated by intensified lung ventilation. Metabolic alkalosis appears in advanced cases. The revealed shift should be taken into account in applying intensive therapy.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the heart mitochondria during adrenergic stimulation and blockade under ketamine anesthesia]. / Morfofunktsional'naia kharakteristika mitokhondrii serdtsa v usloviiakh adrenergicheskoi stimuliatsii i blokady pri ketaminovoi anestezii.

A reduction of breathing control in palmitoylcarnitine oxidation without changes in phosphorylation efficacy coefficient have been noted upon intraabdominal injections of ketamine to rats at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The morphological signs noted were: mitochondrial matrix induration and insignificant focal disturbances of cardiac apparatus (myofibril) contractility. In beta-adrenergic stimulation of the heart by novodrine during ketamine anesthesia a sharp reduction in breathing control and phosphorylation efficacy coefficient are observed with the oxidation of succinate, caprylic acids and palmitoylcarnitine by myocardial mitochondria. Morphologically the disturbance of mitochondrial cysts, appearance of mitochondrial myelinic structures and partial destruction of mitochondrial membranes have been observed. In beta-adrenergic heart blockade by adrenoblockers obsidan and cordanum during ketamine anesthesia, obsidan induces an increase in phosphorylation efficacy coefficient, with morphologically normal energy and contractility apparatus. Cordanum is not so effective when used during ketamine anesthesia.

[The characteristics of rarely encountered forms of stomach ulcers]. / Nekotorye osobennosti redko vstrechaiushchikhsia form iazv zheludka.

Studies carried out by the authors provided basis for distribution of rarely occurring chronic gastric ulcers into groups: according to the site (proximal ulcers), to the size (giant ones), to the number (multiple ones), and to the typologic features (combined with duodenal ones and ulcers of the pyloric ring and prepyloric part of the stomach). The given ulcers differ from genuine ones in the appearance and the rate of complications determined by morphologic criteria.