The integrative panel of fatty acid desaturase-2 (FADS2) rs174583 gene polymorphism and dietary indices (DQI-I and HEI) affects cardiovascular risk factors among obese individuals.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that dietary intakes and gene variants have a critical role in the obesity related comorbidities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the interactions between Fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) gene rs174583 polymorphism and two dietary indices on cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 347 obese adults aged 20-50 years old in Tabriz, Iran. Healthy eating index (HEI) and Diet quality index-international (DQI-I) were evaluated by a validated semi-quantitative 147-item Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine FADS2 gene variants. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to identify gene-diet interactions on metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Waist circumference (WC) and serum triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher among carriers of TT genotype of FADS2 gene (P < 0.05). In addition, the interactions between FADS2 gene rs174583 polymorphism and DQI-I had significant effects on weight (P interaction = 0.01), fat mass (P interaction = 0.04), fat free mass (P interaction = 0.03), and Body mass index (BMI) (P interaction = 0.02); the highest level of these parameters belonged to TT carriers. Similarly, the interactions between FADS2 gene variants and HEI had significant effects on insulin (P interaction < 0.001), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P interaction < 0.001), Quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI) (P interaction = 0.001), and alpha Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) (P interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this study, for the first time, we reported the effects of gene-diet interactions on metabolic traits. Compliance with dietary indices (DQI-I and HEI) ameliorated the adverse effects of gene variants on metabolic risk factors, especially in heterogeneous genotypes. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these results.

Obesity Accelerates Leukocyte Telomere Length Shortening in Apparently Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Shorter telomere length is associated with numerous comorbidities. Several studies have investigated the role of obesity in telomere shortening. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the results of studies that evaluated the association between obesity and telomere length. Methods: A systematic search from Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ProQuest electronic databases up to 19 March 2021 without language restriction was performed and after data extraction and screening, 19 manuscripts were eligible to be included in the final meta-synthesis. Results: The highest category of telomere length was associated with an approximate 0.75 kg/m2 reduction in body mass index (BMI; WMD = -0.75 kg/m2; CI = -1.19, -0.31; p < 0.001; I 2 = 99.4%). Moreover, overweight/obese individuals had 0.036 kbp shorter telomere length compared with non-overweight/obese adults (WMD = -0.036; CI = -0.05, -0.02; p = 0.030; I 2 = 100%). According to the results of subgroupings, continent, age, and sample size could be possible sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion: From the results, it was clear that obesity was associated with shorter telomere length. Because of the observational design of included studies, the causality inference of results should be done with caution; thus, further longitudinal studies are warranted for better inference of causal association.

Comparison of Titanium versus Polycel as Partial Ossicular Replacement Prosthesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Each type of prosthesis for ossiculoplasty has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of the best material has been a matter of various studies. The present study aimed to make a comparison between the hearing outcomes of partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) using titanium versus Polycel prosthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 106 patients undergoing PORP as a second stage ossiculoplasty were analyzed in this study. Following that, they were randomly assigned to two groups of titanium (n=54) and Polycel (n=52) prosthesis. Subsequently, pre-and post-operative audiometric data were assessed based on the aim of the study. RESULTS: In general, the post-operative air-bone gap within 20 dB was given to 63.5% and 55.6% of all ears in the Polycel and titanium groups, respectively, indicating a non-significant difference (P=0.407). Finally, no SNHL was observed in the groups. CONCLUSION: Overall, the hearing outcomes and the success rate of PORP are comparable between titanium and Polycel prostheses. Therefore, the selection of these prostheses could be based on the surgeons' preferences, availability, and cost.