ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Fasting lipid profile does not necessarily illustrate the exact lipid dynamic in 24â¯h as human spends most of their time in postprandial state. Postprandial triglyceride (TG) has been reported to have advantages compared to fasting TG in terms of practicality and ability to predict cardiovascular events. This study aims to assess the determinant of postprandial TG in healthy young adults. METHODS: This is a quasy-experimental study that involved 200 healthy young adults. This study compared fasting with postprandial TG and analyzed the relationship between postprandial TG with various demographic and metabolic parameters after ingestion of standardized high fat liquid meal. RESULT: There was an upward trend from fasting TG to 2â¯h postprandial TG and 4â¯h postprandial TG. There was strong correlation between fasting TG and 2â¯h postprandial TG with 4â¯h postprandial TG (râ¯=â¯0.731; pâ¯<â¯0.0001 dan râ¯=â¯0.669; pâ¯<â¯0.0001, respectively). Whereas body mass index (BMI) and age showed weak correlation with 4â¯h postprandial TG (râ¯=â¯0.141; pâ¯<â¯0.0001 dan râ¯=â¯0.0747; pâ¯<â¯0.0001), fasting TG was the strongest predictor of 4â¯h postprandial TG (râ¯=â¯0.669, Bâ¯=â¯1.722 (95% CI 1.552 to 1.892), pâ¯<â¯0.0001). CONCLUSION: Fasting TG was the strongest determinant of 4â¯h postprandial TG in healthy young adults. We also observed strong correlation between 4â¯h postprandial TG and fasting TG. Hence, 4â¯h postprandial TG might potentially replaced fasting TG when measurement of fasting TG is not feasible.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/blood , Diet, High-Fat/methods , Lipids/blood , Postprandial Period , Triglycerides/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Body Mass Index , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Prognosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, most of diabetic patients had periodontitis and 75.3% of them had severe periodontitis. Previous study found that hyperglycemia and or local inflammation (such as periodontitis) modulated systemic pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of DM and or periodontitis on systemic cytokines and adipocytokines levels. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 57 participants with age of 29-71 years were recruited for this study. We divided them into three groups; DM-periodontitis (nâ¯=â¯22), periodontitis without DM (nâ¯=â¯16) and control (nâ¯=â¯19). All participants underwent physical examinations (BMI, WC, periodontal status examination) and laboratory examinations (FBG, fasting insulin, CRP, adiponektin, leptin, TNF-α and IL-10). RESULTS: The proportion of severe periodontitis were higher in DM-periodontitis group compared to periodontitis without DM (77.3% vs 6.2%). DM-periodontitis group had lower adiponectin levels than that of periodontitis without DM group [5860.78⯱â¯4182.40 vs 9553.13⯱â¯6794.73; pâ¯=â¯0.046]. TNF-α/IL-10 ratio was significantly higher in the periodontitis without DM compared to control group [1.96 (1.68-2.32) vs 1.55 (1.27-1.85); pâ¯=â¯0.015]. CONCLUSION: Local inflammation such as periodontitis, elevated systemic inflammatory markers (TNF-α/IL-10 ratio). Meanwhile chronic hyperglycemia alter adipocytokines level. The changes of systemic inflammation among diabetic group had not been shown yet in this study since some antidiabetic and antilipid drugs possess anti-inflammtory effect. Age, WC and FBG correlated with severe periodontitis. Adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α and IL-10 levels did not correlated with severe periodontitis.