ABSTRACT
In 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed revised hemoglobin cutoffs for diagnosing anemia in children aged 6-23 months, pregnant women in the second trimester and those residing in elevated areas with the aim of increasing the sensitivity and ensuring uniformity in diagnosis. There are no major changes in other domains.
Subject(s)
Anemia , Hemoglobins , World Health Organization , Humans , Anemia/diagnosis , Anemia/blood , Hemoglobins/analysis , Female , Infant , Pregnancy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is a reactive pseudoneoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells. They are typically well-circumscribed, indolent lesions and curable by complete excision. Description: We present a four-year-old girl with post traumatic scalp swelling, clinically considered to be a capillary hemangioma. Computed tomography revealed a 3.3 × 1.5 cm scalp mass with erosion of outer table and diploic space of the occipital calvarial bone, suggesting a vascular or soft tissue tumor. Histologically it was a PEH within a hemangioma. Literature Review: PEH presenting as a scalp swelling with bone erosion has only been reported thrice in the literature. Conclusion: Scalp PEH with skull bone defect can affect the pediatric age group. Bone erosion is not stage dependent; it can occur in the early stages.
Subject(s)
Scalp , Soft Tissue Neoplasms , Child, Preschool , Endothelial Cells , Female , Humans , Hyperplasia , Skull/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Babies with ABO incompatibility are often advised frequent biochemical screening and prolonged hospital stay. Our primary objective of the study was to compare serum bilirubin levels at 48 h and 96 h of age in neonates with and without ABO incompatibility. Our prospective study included neonates with gestation ≥ 34 weeks, with or without ABO incompatibility (92 in each group). A direct Coombs test was performed on cord blood. The mean serum bilirubin and haematocrit levels in both groups at 48 h and 96 h were comparable. The mean reticulocyte count of babies with ABO incompatibility was, however, significantly higher. Late preterm and term neonates with and without ABO incompatibility have similar bilirubin levels and no increased risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia. Prolonged hospitalisation of these neonates appears to be unnecessary.
Subject(s)
ABO Blood-Group System/immunology , Blood Group Incompatibility/immunology , Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/immunology , Blood Group Incompatibility/blood , Blood Group Incompatibility/epidemiology , Coombs Test , Female , Fetal Blood/immunology , Humans , Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/blood , Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal/epidemiology , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of temporal artery thermometer in febrile and hypothermic neonates in comparison to axillary thermometer. METHODS: It was a cross sectional observational study. Study participants included 210 neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital, divided into three groups of 70 each, namely normothermic, febrile and hypothermic. Temperatures were measured using temporal artery, axillary and rectal thermometers in each patient. RESULTS: Mean rectal temperature was found to be comparable to mean temporal artery temperature in normothermic babies. Temporal artery thermometer had a better sensitivity to diagnose fever, than hypothermia. Also, temporal artery temperature showed a good correlation with rectal temperature in normothermic and febrile group and not in hypothermic neonates. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal artery thermometer can accurately detect temperature in febrile and normothermic fullterm neonates but not in hypothermic neonates. Further studies are required before advocating temporal artery thermometry as a replacement of rectal thermometry among this group of population.
