ABSTRACT
Hodgkin's lymphoma is commonly treated with a combination of chemotherapy drugs including doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. Antibody-drug conjugates such as brentuximab vedotin are now being used to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma that has not responded to standard treatment. Brentuximab vedotin is a monoclonal antibody that selectively delivers a cytotoxic agent, monomethyl auristatin E, which targets cells expressing surface CD30 markers, a protein that may be found in high amounts in some cancer cells including lymphoma cells. Common adverse effects of the drug include diarrhea, nausea, anemia, and fatigue. We present a case of a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and profound insulin resistance secondary to brentuximab. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a rare but serious adverse reaction in this growing class of antibody-drug conjugates.
ABSTRACT
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) can be a challenging diagnosis to confirm due to significant overlap with other small-vessel vasculitis syndromes and similar presentations to non-vasculitic processes such as infection or malignancy. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman presenting with several months of cough, chest wall pain, and weight loss, who was found to have several cavitary lung lesions on imaging, no renal involvement, and unusual anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) serologies. After tissue biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with GPA and treated with steroids and rituximab with clinical improvement at follow-up. Due to a complex clinical course and non-classic symptomatology, her diagnosis of GPA was not discovered until several months after symptom onset. Clinicians should consider GPA in the case of progressive cavitary lung lesions even in the absence of renal involvement or positive ANCA serologies, as prompt tissue diagnosis is crucial to allow for early initiation of treatment.
Subject(s)
Testis/blood supply , Venous Thrombosis , Adult , Humans , Male , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/surgeryABSTRACT
Chalcones comprise a characteristic framework of 1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one. They have been heralded as promising anti cancer drugs and have received much attention in the field of cancer research and drug development. The cytotoxicity of these potent pharmacophores is attributable to a wide spectrum of biological activities like anti inflammatory, anti proliferative, anti fungal, etc. These anti tumor activities are effectuated through apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, anti tubulin and so forth. This review summarizes the recent developments on anti tumor activity of synthetic and natural chalcones and their detailed underlying mechanisms as reported in the past.
