ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We conducted a retrospective study to determine the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and large airways malacia in infancy. METHODS: One hundred sixteen children referred for chronic respiratory problems who were between the ages of 3 and 28 months were investigated. All of them underwent flexible bronchoscopy and chest radiography. Eighteen children had laryngomalacia, 13 had tracheomalacia, and 23 had combined laryngotracheomalacia. During bronchoscopy, BAL was performed. An analysis of macrophages in the BAL fluid for lipid content was performed. Fifty-four children with laryngomalacia and tracheomalacia constituted the study group, and 62 children were in the control group. Reflux studies were obtained for 40 children from the study group and 41 from the control group. RESULTS: In the study group, 28 children (70%) had GER documented by reflux studies compared with 16 children (39%) in the control group (p < 0.01). In the control group, GER was found mainly among those with recurrent bilateral pneumonia. The lipid-laden macrophage score was correlated with the documented GER. CONCLUSION: GER is prevalent among infants with large airways malacia, and treatment of this group with antireflux therapy should be considered.
Subject(s)
Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology , Laryngostenosis/complications , Tracheal Stenosis/complications , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Using experimental and clinical methods, the authors studied the efficacy of combined use of anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, hexamidine, chloracon, trimetin, benzonal, diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepine) and tranquilizers (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, meprotan, trioxazine, mebicar) in epilepsy treatment. The experimental findings showed that 13 combinations of the above drugs had a synergic effect. Five of these combinations (hexamidine-chlordiazepoxide, benzonal-chlordiazepoxide, phenobarbital-diazepam, phenobarbital-trioxazine, and phenobarbital-mebicar also proved clinically more effective than the use of anticonvulsants alone.
Subject(s)
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Tranquilizing Agents/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Anticoagulants/toxicity , Dogs , Drug Evaluation , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Synergism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drug Tolerance , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Middle Aged , Rats , Seizures/drug therapy , Tranquilizing Agents/toxicityABSTRACT
Effects of anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, hexamidine, benzonal, difenin, chloracon, trimetin, carbamazepine) on the psychotropic activity of tranquillizers (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, meprotan, trioxazine, mebicar) were studied in experiments on mice and rats. Thirteen combinations were studied by using corazol test, "open field" and elementary-defensive conditioned response technique. According to all three tests the psychotropic activity was enhanced to the greatest degree by administration of hexamidine in combination with chlordiazepoxide.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Mental Processes/drug effects , Tranquilizing Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Conditioning, Classical/drug effects , Drug Interactions , Escape Reaction/drug effects , Female , Male , Mice , Orientation/drug effects , Pentylenetetrazole/antagonists & inhibitors , RatsABSTRACT
Experiments on mice were made to study anticonvulsive activity of the combinations of 5 tranquilizers (diazepam, chlorodiazepoxide, meprotan, trioxazin, mebicar) and 7 anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, hexamidine, benzonal, diphenin, chloracon, trimetin, carbamazepin) according to the maximal electroshock test. The data obtained form an experimental basis for the combined use of some anticonvulsants and tranquilizers in the treatment of epilepsy, since in a number of cases these combinations permit a significant lowering of the doses of both components without reducing their anticonvulsant activity.
