The expanding clinical spectrum of torpedo maculopathy.

PURPOSE: Torpedo maculopathy is an idiopathic, congenital, oval-shaped region of chorioretinal hypopigmentation located temporal to the macula. Torpedo lesions are typically unilateral, occasionally harbor an intraretinal cleft, and may be associated with varying degrees of hyperpigmentation. Visual acuity is usually normal, but the lesion may produce a scotoma in the visual field. There are no known associated systemic or ocular abnormalities. Diagnosis is based upon recognition of its characteristic shape and location. Because of its nonprogressive and generally benign nature, no treatment is required. CASE REPORTS: Two cases of torpedo maculopathy associated with fundus excavation are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported association of torpedo maculopathy with fundus excavation. In one case, the visual acuity remained unaffected and in the other case the visual acuity was reduced to 20/50. In both cases, optical coherence tomography clearly demonstrates the excavated nature of the torpedo lesions. In case 1, where the visual acuity was normal, the excavation is remote from the fovea but in case 2, where the visual acuity was 20/50, the excavation encroaches upon the fovea. In both cases, a scotoma corresponding to the excavated region could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: Torpedo maculopathy is a usually benign condition associated with normal visual acuity and normal visual fields. Our cases demonstrate that torpedo maculopathy may be associated with excavation of the fundus and a corresponding scotoma in the visual field. Visual acuity may be compromised should the excavation encroach upon the central fovea. Knowledge of this previously unreported clinical manifestation of torpedo maculopathy may aid in advancing the understanding of this condition and the care of patients with the disorder.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Tetramethyl Furanone Functionalized Diiminedioxime, A Potential Ligand for Cu Radiopharmaceuticals, and its Copper(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes.

As part of our on-going effort to develop (64)Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals for PET (positron emission tomography) imaging of multidrug resistance in cancer, we prepared a tetramethylfuranone-functionalized diiminedioxime ligand, TMFPreH (TMFPreH = 4-[3-(4-Hydroxyimino-2,2,5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-3-ylideneamino)-propylimino]-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-3-one oxime) and its Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes. When the copper(II) complex was prepared from Cu(ClO(4))(2) in ethanol, it was isolated as a Cu(II)-bridged dimer, but when it was prepared from Cu(OAc)(2) and heated in acetone, an unusual example of an acetone adduct of the ligand is formed by reduction of one of the imine double bonds by the solvent. The Ni(II) complex is square pyramidal with the perchlorate counterion at the apex.

A lariat-functionalized copper(II) diimine-dioxime complex.

The dimeric title copper(II) complex, diaqua-1kappaO,2kappaO-bis[3,9-dimethyl-6-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4,8-diazaundeca-3,8-diene-2,10-dione dioximato(1-)]-1k(4)N(2),N(4),N(8),N(10);1:2kappa(5)O(2):N(2),N(4),N(8),N(10)-dicopper(II) diperchlorate, [Cu(2)(C(17)H(24)N(5)O(2))(2)](ClO(4))(2), crystallizes with one Cu atom in a square-pyramidal environment and the other Cu atom displaying a distorted octahedral coordination. In each case, the four N atoms in the core of the ligand (two imine and two oxime N atoms) form the base of the pyramid, with a water molecule at an apex. The two parts of the dimer are linked by an interaction [2.869 (2) A] between one of the Cu atoms and one of the oxime O atoms coordinated to the second Cu atom, and also by a hydrogen bond between the apical water molecule on the second Cu atom and the pyridyl N atom from the coordination sphere of the first Cu atom. The pyridyl N atoms of the lariat arms are not coordinated to either of the Cu atoms. Thus, this potentially pentadentate ligand is only tetradentate when coordinated to Cu(II).

Synthesis and biodistribution of a Lipophilic 64Cu-labeled monocationic Copper(II) complex.

The lipophilic, monocationic copper(II) complex of the diiminedioxime ligand 2,10-di-n-butyl-3,9-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazaundeca-1,3,8,10-tetraen-1,11-dione dioxime was synthesized and labeled with 64Cu. The biological properties of the 64Cu-labeled complex were measured in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, the complex shows uptake by the heart similar to that of 99mTc-tetrofosmin. In vitro, its uptake by multidrug resistant and non-resistant MES-SA tumor cells parallels that of 99mTc-MIBI, a well-characterized marker of multidrug resistance. These results suggest that this class of copper complexes may form the basis for the development of a 64Cu PET radiopharmaceutical for the functional imaging of multidrug resistance and/or myocardial perfusion.