Region-Specific CD16+ Neutrophils Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Natural Killer Cells.

The colon is the largest compartment of the immune system, with innate immune cells exposed to antigens in the environment. However, the mechanisms by which the innate immune system is instigated are poorly defined in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, a population of CD16+ neutrophils that specifically accumulate in CRC tumor tissues by imaging mass cytometry (IMC), immune fluorescence, and flow cytometry, which demonstrated pro-tumor activity by disturbing natural killer (NK) cells are identified. It is found that these CD16+ neutrophils possess abnormal cholesterol accumulation due to activation of the CD16/TAK1/NF-κB axis, which upregulates scavenger receptors for cholesterol intake including CD36 and LRP1. Consequently, these region-specific CD16+ neutrophils not only competitively inhibit cholesterol intake of NK cells, which interrupts NK lipid raft formation and blocks their antitumor signaling but also release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to induce the death of NK cells. Furthermore, CD16-knockout reverses the pro-tumor activity of neutrophils and restored NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, the findings suggest that CRC region-specific CD16+ neutrophils can be a diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for CRC.

Valorization of the treatment of antibiotic and organic contents generated from an in-situ-RAS-like shrimp farming pond by using graphene-quantum-dots deposited graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysts.

In this study, we investigated the possibility of a photocatalytic system that uses graphene-quantum-dot (GQD)-deposited graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to treat tetracycline (TC) and other organic compounds generated from an in-situ-recirculatory-aquaculture-system (RAS)-like shrimp farming pond. GQDs were successfully deposited on the exfoliated g-C3N4 base through a hydrothermal treatment. The results showed that the incorporation of GQDs into the g-C3N4 enhanced its porosity without aggregating its mesoporous structure. The GQDs-deposited g-C3N4 photocatalysts revealed sheet-like structures with nanopores on their surface that facilitate photocatalysis. More than 90% of the TC was removed by the photocatalysts under UV-LED irradiation. Low loadings of GQDs over g-C3N4 resulted in a faster and more effective photocatalysis of TC, mainly driven by.O2- radicals. The photocatalysts were also applicable in the degradation of organic compounds with 27% of the total organic compounds (TOC) being removed from the wastewater of a RAS-like shrimp farming pond.

Breast Self-Examination: Knowledge and Practice Among Female Textile Workers in Vietnam.

Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, feasible, and suitable method for breast cancer screening in low-middle setting countries. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE among female textile workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1036 female workers, aged 43.9 ± 3.1 years old, who were working in 4 textile enterprises in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, in 2016. Overall, 22.7% of participants showed sufficient knowledge on BSE; 15.2% performed monthly BSE; and 7.7% completely performed all 5 steps of BSE. The prevalence of insufficient BSE knowledge was higher among participants with low level of education (odds ratio [OR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22-2.39, below vs above secondary school), and those whose husbands were farmers or workers (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.27-2.45, compared to other sectors). This prevalence was, however, negatively associated with receiving information on BSE (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.11-0.23, yes vs no). The prevalence of insufficient BSE practice was also higher among females with husbands who were farmers or workers (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.15-2.43, compared to other sectors). In contrast, it was much lower among participants who had history of breast-related diseases (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.24-0.88, yes vs no), received BSE information (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.08-0.19, yes vs no), and had sufficient overall BSE knowledge (OR: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06-0.13, yes vs no), compared to those who did not. There was a low prevalence of sufficient BSE knowledge (22.7%) and practice (15.8%) among female textile workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Low level of education and not being provided BSE information were associated with insufficient BSE knowledge and practice among Vietnamese female textile workers. Health education programs are essential to encourage and improve women's knowledge and practice of BSE.

First isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus in Vietnam with the immunohistochemical examination of the dog.

Canine distemper caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) is a contagious, incurable, often fatal, multisystemic viral disease that affects the respiratory gastrointestinal and central nervous system. Strains Vn86 and Vn99 of CDV were isolated, we believe for the first time, in Vietnam from two 4-month-old autopsied dogs pathologically showing non-suppurative encephalitis with pneumonia, lymphoid depletion and severe gastroenteritis. These strains caused syncytium cytopathic effect in Vero cells and Vero cells expressing canine signaling lymphocyte activation molecules. The titers of cell-associated viruses of both strains were higher than for released viruses. Molecular analysis showed that both new isolates of CDV joined to the group of classic type that is far from the Asia 1 and Asia 2 groups. These results indicated that first isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus in Vietnam with the immunohistochemical examination of the dog.