[Structure of peripheral blood platelets surface in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis].

Using scanning electronic microscopy of peripheral blood platelets in 32 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 6 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), platelets activation, emerging in pseudopodiums formation, aggregation and lysis, was found. Platelets activation was more pronounced in ALS than in MS. It was most markedly seen for quantitative evaluation of the above traits. The features of platelet activation found in the study support the evidence for considering ALS as a systemic disorder being characterized by a broad spectrum of alterations of biological processes.

[Mossy fibers of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease]. / Mshistye volokna gippokampa pri bolezni Al'tsgeimera.

An ultrastructural study of changes in synaptic contacts and astrocytic processes of postmortem hippocampus was performed in 5 cases of Alzheimer's disease. Mossy fibres in the stratum lucidum were examined. Pronounced alterations included clustering of synaptic vesicles, membranous damage and multilamellar profiles in synaptic terminals. There were many hypertrophic astrocytic processes around synapses. The findings suggest that the ultrastructural alterations in mossy fibers expansion, and the disturbance of glio-synaptic relationships might contribute to memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

[Synaptic plasticity and the glio-synaptic relationships of the rat hippocampus in age-related memory dysfunction]. / Plastichnost' sinapsov i glio-sinapticheskie sootnosheniia gippokampa krys pri sviazannoi s vozrastom disfunktsii pamiati.

Qualitative and quantitative studies of structural changes of synaptic contacts and processes were performed in aged memory-non-impaired an aged memory-impaired rats compared to young rats in the stratum lucidum of the hippocampus. Aged memory-impaired rats (compared with young adults) showed alteration in the ultrastructure of mossy fiber expansions and the loss of axospinous synapses formed by them. These changes were more pronounced than in memory-non-impaired rats. There were no significant differences between aged memory impaired and aged memory non-impaired rats except for a significant decrease in volume density of postsynaptic density in axodendritic synapses formed by mossy fiber expansions in memory impaired animals.

[The characteristics of thrombocyte morphological structure in patients with endogenous depression during antidepressant therapy]. / Osobennosti morfologicheskoi struktury trombotsitov bol'nykh éndogennymi depressiiami v protsesse terapii antidepressantami.

The study of platelets surface in patients with endogenous depressions made before the beginning of therapy, 1-3 days later and during the first days of clinical recovery with scanning electron microscopy showed that the platelets of patients who had not received antidepressants were activated. More marked activation took place after long-term therapy in the form of platelets with distinct pseudopodia, which were 2-3 times longer than cells body and with inclination to form large aggregations. This cell type is also characterized by formation of a new type of rod platelets. It is suggested that antidepressants accumulation takes place on cell membrane during long-term therapy that causes selective or general increase of membranes permeability, cytotoxicity.

[The effect of different methods of isolating thrombocytes on the surface structure and biochemical parameters of the serotonin system of these cells]. / Vliianie raznykh sposobov vydeleniia trombotsitov na poverkhnostnuiu strukturu i biokhimicheskie parametry serotoninovoi sistemy étikh kletok.

The method of platelets' isolation influences their morphofunctional state. The study of the surface structure of platelets with the method of scanning electron microscopy shows, that the nonactivated form of platelets is characterized for the cells, isolated by gel filtration, but platelets which are isolated by centrifugation are activated. Platelets' activation under centrifugation is shown to connect with the changes of biochemical parameters of platelet serotonin system: the increase of the velocity of the 3H-serotonin reuptake and of the 3H-imipramine specific binding.

[Regional characteristics of ventricular surfaces of the brain in aging and in senile dementia (aqueduct of Sylvius)]. / Regiona'lnye osobennosti zheludochkovykh poverkhnostei golovnogo mozga pri starenii i seni'lnoi dementsii (si'lviev vodoprovod).

Electron scanning microscopy was applied to investigate the surfaces within the human brain ventricular system in order to establish their age-related changes. The brains were studied in different age groups and in patients with senile dementia. The changes of ependymal surfaces were manifested in the loss of ependymal cell's cilia and microvilli. These changes were marked in dementia patients. Two types of age-related changes were detected in aqueductal surface ependymal cells but its lumen was never narrowed.

[Extracellular inclusions in the tissue of the vascular plexus of the human brain (scanning electron microscopy of the psammoma bodies)]. / Ekstrakletochnye vkliucheniia v tkani sosudistogo spleteniia golovnogo mozga cheloveka (skaniruiushchaia élektronnaia mikroskopiia psammomnykh telets).

Three-dimension psammoma bodies imaging was performed utilizing the scanning electron microscopy. Spheric psammoma bodies had fibers woven at different angles at their surface. The dense nucleus approximately 30 micron in diameter was positioned at their center. The data conform with the earlier offered hypotheses postulating the stromal cells of the choroid plexus to play an active part in these bodies formation, and regarding the whole process as a result of the organ mineral dystrophy.

[Angioarchitectonics of the cerebral cortex in senile dementia as the basis of hemodynamic disorders]. / Angioarkhitektonika kory mozga pri starcheskom slaboumii kak osnova narushenii gemodinamiki.

Using Klosovsky's technique and scanning electron microscopy, the authors studied the angioarchitectonics of the cerebral cortex in 3 patients with senile dementia and in mentally normal age-matched individuals. Senile dementia was associated with characteristic loop- and spiral-shaped changes in vascular trunks. Possible causes of these phenomena and their relationship to the cerebral blood flow is discussed.

Biondi bodies in the choroid plexus epithelium of the human brain. A scanning electron-microscopic study.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine choroid plexuses in the brain of two human adults aged 44 and 46, respectively, and 12 older subjects from 67 to 98 years of age. It was possible to obtain a three-dimensional view of the ring-like structures (Biondi bodies) located in the cytoplasm of choroid plexus epithelial cells in the older-age group. The filaments forming the rings were clearly visible. No such structures were found between epithelial cells. The intracellular location of the Biondi bodies and their state of preservation compared to other cytoplasmic elements suggest that they may have a destructive effect on epithelial cells of choroid plexuses. The same material was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); the results obtained were in full agreement with the evidence obtained with SEM.

[Involutional changes in the epithelium of the human cerebral vascular plexuses and ependyma based on scanning electron microscopy data]. / Involiutsionnye izmeneniia épiteliia sosudistykh spletenii i épendimy mozga cheloveka po dannym skaniruiushchei élektronnoi mikroskopii.

Vascular plexi and cerebral ependyma were studied using scanning electron microscope for young, adult and elderly patients. In the elderly the formations mentioned had a number of structural peculiarities, thus, the majority of the epithelial cells in vascular plexus were lacking microvilli, the intercellular spaces were widened having deep grooves in them. Ependymal changes with age were characterized by the disappearance of villi in some groups of cells resulting in the appearance of large zones lacking superficial structures. Special characteristics of Biondi rings in the epithelium of vascular plexus of the elderly is given, as well as their relationship with other structural components. The age-related changes may lead to dysfunction of the hemato-encephalic barrier, that may be significant for the development of aging process.

[Age and changes in nerve endings on the surface of the ependyma of the human brain]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia neironal'nykh okonchanii na poverkhnosti épendimy golovnogo mozga cheloveka.

Using scanning electron microscopy, the human brain ependyma was studied in different age groups (18-98 years). Sphere-shaped structures directly connected with the cellular surface were found on the surface of ependymal cells. In patients over 60 years such formations were flattened and deformed, sometimes completely destroyed. The detected age-related changes are considered as manifestations of atrophy of neuronal endings localized on the ependyma surface, which may affect different properties of the cerebrospinal fluid.

[Age-related changes in the ependyma and epithelium of the vascular plexuses of the cerebral ventricles]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia épendimy i épiteliia sosudistykh spletenii zheludochkov mozga.

Using scanning electron microscopy, the author studied the ependyma and epithelium of the vascular plexuses of the cerebral ventricles in young and old Wistar rats. The old animals presented considerable morphological changes of these structures which were expressed in the polymorphism of the surface of the vascular plexus epithelial cells and the expansion of the contact zones between them. The age-related alterations of the ependyma were characterized by the loss of cilia in some cells and the formation of considerable areas free of cilia on the luminal surface of the ventricle. These alterations may be essential for the age-related disorders of various functions of these structures.

[Possibility of the development of cellular structures on the surface of a vascular plexus demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy]. / Vozmozhnosti vozniknoveniia kletochnykh struktur na poverkhnosti sosudistogo spleteniia, vyiavliaemye skaniruiushchei élektronnoi mikroskopiei.

Using scanning electron microscopy, possible ways of the appearance of macrophages on the epithelial surface of the cerebral vascular plexus in rats were studied. The data obtained support the theory which postulates that macrophages are formed in the blood flow or the connective tissue and that subsequently they penetrate through the epithelium of the vascular plexus onto its surface having contact of the cerebrospinal fluid. The structural stages of this process are also reflected in the presented findings.