The characteristics of physical development of present-day students.

The problem of preserving health of students is of great public importance. In assessing state of health and morphofunctional state of human body, the most important aspect is level of physical development. The purpose of the study is to investigate indices of physical development of students of medical university and to implement their comparative evaluation. The assessment was carried out concerning physical development of students of the Pacific State Medical University (238 girls and 57 boys) in 2020, including anthropometric measurements, calculation of BMI and Pignet index. The factor analysis was performed. It was established that anthropometric indices of male and female students had statistically significant differences. The BMI assessment of students demonstrated that overweight and obesity more often observed in boys, as underweight in girls (p=0,026). The analysis of strength index of students physique established that insufficient development of skeletal muscles, requiring correction, was detected in 58,4% of girls and 33,3% of boys. The factor analysis of complex of factors determined that most completely explained relationship between criteria for physical development of students (p<0,001).

[The characteristics of health condition of students of medical university].

One of the priority areas of socio-economic development of Russia is concern about health status of young generation, as young people provide the near future and determine demographic economic and social potential of society. The purpose of the study is to implement comparative assessment of health status of students of Medical University and to identify risk factors of development of chronic non-communicable diseases. The article presents data of sociological survey and medical examination (indicators of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, capillary blood for glucose and cholesterol). The risk factors were determined by 7 parameters: high blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), tachycardia, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, lack of exercise. The comparative evaluation of the average functional and biochemical parameters of medical students made it possible to identify statistically significant increasing of systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol in female students in 2018. The evaluation of the structure of risk factors demonstrated that tachycardia is the most frequently detected functional deviation. It was observed in 61% of boys and 27% of girls in 2015 and of boys and 33% of girls in 2018. The evaluation of state of health and identification of risk factors of development of chronic non-infectious diseases of student youth in the learning process involves differentiated focus on the development of preventive measures to strengthen and maintain health with the formation of healthy lifestyle. The effective solution of this problem is possible with the interaction of health care, system of higher professional education and other interested structures.

[The dialectic approach to biomedical ethics as a foundation of its implementation in actual social cultural conditions].

The most consecutive statement of biomedical ethics principles within educational process and the correct analysis of its problems in the context of rapid development and expansion of a scope of medical technologies are possible only on the basis of synthesis of philosophical, culturological, historical and theological knowledge. Otherwise, biomedical ethics could be substituted for deontology which utilitarian value is indisputable, but which has no sufficient universality in relation to various historical periods and sociocultural conditions. It becomes especially obvious during a globalization era when the states with various experience of cultural-historical development and level of economic potential are forced to create large regional associations for the benefit of the sustainable development. However the synthetic concept can exist only based on serious humanitarian preparation which it isn't necessary to for medical community even of developed countries within the existing educational standards. Dialectic approach, being «cleared¼ of the known ideological excesses, could become the compact, available and at the same time universal tool for forming of complete view of students on biomedical ethics, the analysis of its problems and implementation of its principles in dynamically changing conditions of modern society. Russian Federation naturally applying for a leader role of various regional political structures, in particular - in extremely diverse and therefore very difficult Asia-Pacific region, could offer foreign colleagues the general agenda in the field of biomedical ethics based on dialectic approach. Fields of Eastern Economic Forum which is annually held on the base of Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok could become the platform for the presentation of this agenda.

[The history of sanitary epidemiological service of the Primorskiy Krai].

The article presents the history of development of sanitary business and state sanitary epidemiological service of the Primorskiy Krai related to general history of Russia in XIX-XX centuries. The study established input of physicians of Vladivostok into implementation of sanitary activities during first decades from city foundation: opening of the Pasteur station, struggle with epidemics of very dangerous infectious diseases, functioning of sanitary executive commission. The activities concerning support of sanitary epidemiological well-being of population during the Civil War in the Far East, years of socialism development and in post-Soviet period are considered.

[Ecological-hygienic aspects of the prevalence of respiratory diseases in adolescents and children of the Primorsky Krai].

There was executed the ecologic-hygienic assessment of the distribution of respiratory diseases prevalence in bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. The aim of the study was a systematic assessment of the impact of ecological-hygienic factors of environment on the distribution of respiratory diseases in adolescents and children of the Primorsky region. As an information database there were used indices of the prevalence of diseases of the respiratory system of the ICD-10 class of the official statistical report forms for the period of2000-2013 and the parameters of the environment offactor modules (6 - socio-sanitary, 5 - environmental). The numerical values of modules offactors were determined according to a specially developed scoring scale. The study of the prevalence was carried out with the use of a classical method of data analysis - descriptive statistics, Chi-square criteria. By means of the method of regression analysis from the SPSS package software there was established the relationship of environmental factors and the level of the prevalence of diseases, and were calculated values of the factor loadings influencing on the morbidity rate of children and adolescents. The study revealed that in the structure of morbidity diseases of the respiratory system account of 39% in adolescents, 61% - in children. Constructed predictive models describe the trend of the increasing in the prevalence in adolescents and children. Over the past 15 years, the level of respiratory diseases morbidity rate increased by 46.1%. It is established that the prevalence of respiratory diseases in children and adolescents from various districts of the Primorsky territory depends on the features of the bioclimatic zones and the degree of sanitary-hygienic situation, as well as combinations of parameters that form these zones; the highest cumulative level of the prevalence is observed in the bioclimatic zone of the coast, that is caused by the various degree of the impact of biotropic factors of environment; The prevalence of diseases of respiratory system is mainly affected by bioclimatic factors: residence in an area of high humidity, temperature swings, movements of air masses in combination with air pollution.

[Hygienic aspects of the occurrence of ecology-dependent diseases in children and adolescents of the Primorsky Krai].

With the use of the methodology of the system approach there were obtained results of the evaluation of the occurrence of ecology-dependent diseases in children and adolescents in bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai. Analysis of the prevalence of the main classes of ecologically dependent diseases according to the appealability (diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of digestive organs, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, diseases of the genitourinary system, neoplasms, congenital anomalies, infectious diseases) was performed with the use of official statistical report forms No. 12 (ICD-10) over the period of2000-2014. Informational Database of parameters of the environment was represented by the factor modules: 6 - sanitary, and 5-environmental ones). By means of the method of the regression analysis there was established the relationship between environmental factors and the prevalence of ecological-dependent diseases, there were calculated values of the factor loads influencing on the indices of the morbidity rate in children and adolescents. The analysis of morbidity according to classes showed that during the study period, in the total there was a gain in the indicator ecologically dependent morbidity rate in children by 33.3%, in adolescents - by 35.3%. In the children and adolescent population there are prevalent diseases of the respiratory system - 67.3% and 52.45%, respectively; further in children and adolescent groups diseases of the digestive system - 9.45% and 17.08% take place; then in the children cohort are infectious diseases, and in adolescents - diseases of the genitourinary system. The level of ecologically dependent morbidity rate is determined by the complex impact of environmental and hygienic factors, with a predominance of sanitary-hygienic component and related with it parameters of the environment of habitation, such as chemical pollution of urban areas (soil, air, water sources), nevertheless biotropic factors (temperature, humidity, fog, number of days with biologically active solar radiation) make a significant contribution. The revealed various degree of the response of children and adolescents through the prevalence rate level to the exposure of ecological and hygienic factors of environment should be taken into account in the development and carrying out medical-preventive measures.

[THE FEATURES OF PREVALENCE OF SKIN DISEASE AS AN INDEX OF ECOLOGICALLY RELATED MORBIDITY OF POPULATION IN BIOCLIMATIC ZONES OF PRIMORYE KRAI].

There are presented results of the socio-hygienic analysis of ecologically related skin pathology ofthe population of Primorsky Krai. The aim of the work is to establish the patterns of distribution of ecologically related skin diseases in various ecological bioclimatic zones of Primorsky Krai. There was performed an analysis of skin diseases ofform 12 according to ICD-10 main demographic groups (children, adolescents and adults) of the population of Primorsky Krai, residing in various bioclimatic zones of Krai with different levels of environmental stringency in rural and urban areas for the period of 2000-2013. There were established causal-effect relationships of the prevalence of skin diseases, as ecologically related pathology. The level of the prevalence of skin diseases among the population in the Primorye region depends on bioclimatic zones, the degree of the stringency of the environmental situation and combinations of environmental factors. The prevalence of skin diseases in adults, adolescents and children, as the organism's response to the impact ofthe parameters ofthe environment is affected by the complex offactors, the main of them are hygienic: the sanitary--hygienic level of ambient air pollution, the specification of chemical pollution and adverse physical factors in urban and rural settlements, the characteristics of the state of the soil. The medical-sociological research of the lifestyle of the population was performed on the basis of a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire included three arrays of issues: environmental, hygienic and social. On the basis of medical and sociological research with the use of multivariate analysis, method of correlation pleiades advanced by P. V. Terentiev, lifestyle and psycho-emotional factors, socio-hygienic, bioclimatic factors were found to play an important role in the prevalence of ecologically related pathology of skin in residents of Primorsky Krai. Differences in responses between urban and rural residents living in areas with various environmental stringency, confirm the preposition about the ambiguity of the approach to the solution of social, hygienic and environmental problems in areas with different socio-economic situation. The obtained results of the study allow us to determine the main directions of treatment and prevention and to develop targeted prevention programs.

[Distribution iodine deficiency diseases in coastal areas depending on geochemical conditions].

In the Primorsky Krai there was performed a population ecological and hygienic analysis of the relationship between the content of chemical elements in the soil and thyroid morbidity in the population of the region. The assessment of the prevalence of iodine deficiency and iodine deficiency diseases was carried out on the basis of the impact of the priority environmental toxic (strontium, nickel, cadmium, lead, arsenic, tin) and essential (nickel, iron, germanium, molybdenum, zinc, selenium) trace elements on the level of iodine deficiency diseases. The level of thyroid pathology in the territory of Primorye was established to be the highest one in areas characterized by the severe iodine deficiency (Northwest geochemical zones), where the structure of thyroid diseases is presented mainly by diffuse nontoxic goiter. Thyroid diseases associated with iodine deficiency in the population of different age groups are the result of multiple and combined imbalance of trace elements, which causes a relative (secondary) iodine deficiency. Thyroid disease in Primorye are environmentally caused diseases of technogenic origin, they are a consequence of the relative iodine deficiency, when on the background of normal iodine supply an imbalance of zinc, iron, cobalt, manganese with excess of such toxic trace elements as lead, strontium, nickel and chromium takes place. Thyroid pathology associated with iodine deficiency, along with other environmentally dependent diseases can be considered as a marker of ecological environment trouble.

[The spread of ecology-dependent diseases of the genitourinary system in bioclimatic zones of the Primorskii region].

The estimation of the prevalence of a class of diseases of the genitourinary system (ICD-10) of the population in the bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Krai, with taking into account the environmental situation has been performed. The study of the prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system was carried out with the use of the classical method of data analysis--descriptive statistics. To determine the impact of water quality correlation and regression analysis of the statistical software package SPP has been applied. The study revealed that the diseases of the genitourinary system occupy in the structure of ecology-dependent morbidity in adults--14.9%, in adolescents--13.1% and in children--5.2%, respectively. During the period of 2000-2011 there is noted a trend of the growth of the level of pathology of the genitourinary system. Over the past 5 years, the number of uronefrological patients doubled. Using the a chi-square test for independence, we found that there is a statistically significant correlation (p < or = 0.001) between the level of diseases of the genitourinary system, the bio-climatic zones and zones of ecological situation in all age groups. The use of regression analysis (multiple regression equation) allowed to determine the main parameters of the water module affecting the rate of spread of diseases of the genitourinary system in different bioclimatic zones. The prevalence level of diseases of the genitourinary system in each age group and bioclimatic zone is affected by a certain combination of parameters of the chemical composition of drinking water. The priority of them are by microbial number, Cl-, Fe sum, NO3-, HCO3-, PH, Mg2+, Ca2+. Ranking of the territory in terms of morbidity permitted to determine the problematic situation in the administrative bodies that was taken into account in the development of the program on the prevention of the ecology-dependent diseases of the genitourinary system.

[The characteristics of population health in social ecological conditions of the Primorskii Krai].

The article presents the results of sociological survey of residents of different bioclimatic zones of urbanized and rural territories of different bioclimatic zones of the Primorsky Kraiy in municipalities with different demographic, ecological and social characteristics. The analysis of survey data using the technique of P.V. Terentiyev correlation pleiades was applied. The relationship was established between a number of such factors as social industrial environment, ecological condition of territory of residence, life-style and climate with population health.

[The influence of ecological hygiene environmental factors on the distributIon of respiratory diseases in population of Primorskii Krai].

Conducted Ecological hygienic assessment of the incidence of respiratory diseases in bioclimatic zones has been performed. The study of the incidence was conducted with the use of the classical methods of analysis of data such as descriptive statistics, chi-square test, correlation and regression analysis. The study found that respiratory diseases occupy 30%, 47% and 61% in the structure of the incidence in adults, adolescents and children correspondingly. Constructed predictive models describe the tendency of increasing incidence in adolescents and children. The morbidity of environmentally dependent respiratory pathology in residents of different regions of Primorye Territory was found to be dependent on the characteristics of bioclimatic zones and combinations of parameters forming these areas. Factors of bioclimatic character: living in an area of high humidity, temperature swings and the weather travel have the most influence on the level of respiratory diseases in childhood. Iindices of morbidity rate in adolescent achieve those in adult population, that indicates on the immaturity of the adaptation system of adolescent organism to adverse environmental factors.

[The impact of social and hygienic lifestyle factors on health status of students].

The complex estimation of the impact of socio-hygienic lifestyle factors on the health of students has been performed. In the work the data of sociological analysis (questionnaire), the methods of multivariate statistics (correlation, regression analysis, method of correlation pleiades by P. V. Terentiev) were used. Among the analyzed components the average monthly income was found to make the greatest contribution of the health state and physical capacity of the studied contingent of students. The influence of this factor is most pronounced in a group of students with an average wealth. The quality of nutrition and the mode of life depend on the level of material well-being of students. Students with a deficiency or excess body weight are more susceptible to the effects of such lifestyle factors such as nutrition, physical activity, bad habits and prosperity.

[Environmental and hygienic aspects of the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Primorskii territory].

The authors have conducted an environmental and hygienic evaluation of the prevalence of congenital anomalies in the Primorye Territory. It has been found that there is a considerable rise in congenital anomalies in children and adolescents, which is predicted for the coming 5 years. The prevalence of congenital anomalies in the region depends on the bioclimatic zone and environmental situation. The highest incidence of the pathology is observed in the children living in the coastal bioclimatic zone and in the adolescents in the critical environmental areas of the continental bioclimatic zone. A combination of sanitary-and-hygienic and natural climatic factors was found to influence the incidence of congenital malformations differently. The sanitary-and-hygienic parameters of an inhabitancy play a leading role (44.5-63.1%).

[Environmental and hygienic factors and circulatory system diseases in the population of the Primor'e Territory].

The paper presents the results of an ecological and hygienic assessment of the prevalence of circulatory system diseases in the adults and adolescents of the Primorye Territory. In the past 3 years, circulatory system diseases have first held the lead in the structure of total morbidity and accounted for 43-4996. The spread of circulatory diseases among the adult and adolescent population in the region depends on the bioclimatic zone, environmental tension, and environmental factors.

[Hygienic assessment of nutrition in different urban groups of the Primorye Territory].

Analysis of the actual nutrition of the urban population of the Primorye Territory over 2002-2006 revealed the underconsumption of milk and its products, eggs, meat and its products, vegetables and fruits (including potatoes), and sugar and overconsumption of fish and its products, bread and bakery products, and vegetable oil. Assessment of the nutrient composition of foodstuffs indicated that all the population groups showed the varying levels of vitamins A, D, B12, beta-carotene and the inadequate content of pantothenic and folic acids, choline, calcium, magnesium, iodine, zinc, selenium, fluorine, abundance of vitamins E and C and iron. In addition, the gross and micronutrient composition of diets in individual population groups greatly differed from the normal values.

[Prevalence of thyroid diseases in the Primorye Territory: ecological and hygienic aspects].

The paper presents the results of an ecological and hygienic assessment of the prevalence of thyroid diseases in the Primorye Territory. The analysis has indicated that the morbidity rates from different nosological entities depend on the bioclimatic zone, environmental and geochemical situation. Varying correlations were established between the soil concentrations of chemical elements (nickel, zinc, arsenic, silver, cobalt, and lead) and the degree of thyroid abnormalities in adults, adolescents, and children. The occurrence of thyroid abnormalities in adolescents and adults does not depend unambiguously on the content of iodine in the environmental objects. Arsenic, lead, and cobalt having a significant toxicity affect high morbidity among these population groups.

[Prevalence of cancer in the Primorye Territory: ecological and hygienic aspects].

By using the system analysis, the authors estimate the prevalence of cancer diseases upon exposure to many environmental factors. They describe a formula of the integrated exposure index. Application of the information-aentropion analysis identifies habitat modules that affect cancer morbidity. The findings may be used when developing a regional "Oncology" program.

[The prevalence of respiratory diseases in the bioclimatic zones of the Primorye Territory].

The paper estimates the prevalence of respiratory diseases in different bioclimatic zones of the Primorye Territory. The prevalence of environment-induced respiratory diseases in the dwellers of different areas of the Primorye Teritory was found to depend on the specific features of bioclimatic zones and the combinations of environment parameters forming these zones, which should be taken into account when medical and preventive measures are implemented.

[Feeding of population in Primorye].

This paper presents the results of appraisal of population feeding in Primorye by data of selective budget examination (650 families) for 1996-2002. It was revealed the apparent deficit of consumption of the basic foods, exclusive of fish and fish products. Reduction of food consumption more than 2 times below norm was evidenced in such groups of products as milk and milk products, fruits and berries, vegetables and watermelons. Feeding of townspeople and rural people significantly differs: townspeople consume more meat and milk products, eggs, fruits, fish products, and rural people--bread products, vegetables, potatoes, sugar and oil. Energy value of dietary intake for the observed period was lowered 1,1 times, mainly at the expense of the decline in carbohydrates and fat consumption and made 75% of physiological norm. It has been established the link of the level of population incomes and quality of feeding. The deficit of all basic groups of products is observed for population with low level of incomes. As a result of malnutrition it is noted a considerable growth of morbidity of children digestive organs in Primorye.