Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and molecular docking of Moringa oleifera seed oil extract against experimental model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss female albino mice.

The current research intended to evaluate the antitumor properties of Moringa oleifera oil extract (MOE). Fifty-six female Swiss albino mice were employed in this study. Animals were assigned into four groups: control (C) group, moringa oil extract (MOE) group administered (500 mg/kg b. wt) MOE daily via gavage, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) group and EAC group administered daily with (500 mg/kg b.wt) MOE for two weeks (EAC/MOE). The results showed that MOE significantly ameliorated the EAC increase in body weight and reduced the EAC cell viability. In addition, they upgraded the levels of hepatic and renal functions, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers and EAC-induced hepatic and renal histopathological changes. Treatment of EAC with MOE induced antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and normalized most of the tested parameters besides the histopathological alterations in both renal and hepatic tissues. HPLC for the MOE identified Cinnamic acid, Ellagic acid, Quercetin, Gallic acid, Vanillin and Hesperidin as major compounds. The molecular docking study highlighted the virtual binding of the identified compounds inside the GSH and SOD proteins, especially for Quercetin which exhibited promising binding affinity with good interactive binding mode with the key amino acids. These results demonstrate that the antitumor constituents of MOE against EAC induced oxidative stress and inflammation by preventing oxidative damage and controlling EAC increase.

Anti-obesity potential of Moringa olifera seed extract and lycopene on high fat diet induced obesity in male Sprauge Dawely rats.

Present research explored the anti-obesity effect of Moringa olifera seed oil extract and lycopene (LYC). Forty eight male Sprauge Dawely rats were divided equally into 6 groups. Group Ι (C) served as control, group ΙΙ (MC) was given Moringa olifera seed oil extract (800 mg/kg b.wt) for 8 weeks, group ΙΙΙ (LC) was given (20 mg/kg b.wt) LYC for 8 weeks, group ΙV (O) received high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks, group Ñ´ (MO), was given HFD for 20 weeks and received (800 mg/kg b.wt) Moringa olifera seed oil extract for last 8 weeks and group Ñ´Ι (LO), received HFD for 20 weeks and was given (20 mg/kg b.wt) LYC for last 8 weeks. Hematology, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, lipid profile, serum liver and kidney biomarkers, inflammatory markers, leptin, resistin and heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) were determined. Also histopathology for liver, kidney and aorta were performed besides immunohistochemistry (IHC) for aortic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Administration of Moringa olifera seed oil extract and LYC significantly ameliorated the HFD induced hematological and metabolic perturbations as well as reduced leptin and resistin. Both treatments exerted these effects through promotion of antioxidant enzymes and reducing lipid peroxidation as well as inflammatory cytokines along with reduced iNOS protein expression. Administration of Moringa olifera seed oil extract and LYC have anti-obesity potential in HFD induced obesity in male Sprauge Dawely rats.

Tribulus terrestris ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Hepatoprotection is a goal for the harmful effect of several hepatotoxic agents. The present study has been executed to assess the useful impacts of Tribulus terrestris (TT) and silymarin (SLM) against carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty-two male rats were partitioned into six groups: group I: received 0.3% CMC-Na in distilled water, group II: TT (500 mg/kg BW, orally), group III: SLM (200 mg/kg, orally) for 14 consecutive days (on days 11 and 12 intraperitoneal corn oil), group IV: CCL4, group V: TT (500 mg/kg BW) plus CCL4, and group VI: SLM (200 mg/kg orally) plus CCL4. The CCL4 was administered (2.0 ml/kg BW) intraperitoneal on days 11 and 12. Sera were collected for assessment of hepatic injury markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, liver tissue oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis (Bax and bcl-2) were done. CCL4 injection induced significant reductions in hepatic antioxidants while increased hepatic lipid peroxidation as well as serum hepatic injury biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The histopathological examination showed necrotic and degenerative changes in the hepatic tissue, while immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked hepatic expression of activated Bax, and bcl-2, following CCL4 injection. TT pretreatment significantly improved all examined parameters and restored the hepatic architecture. The current study illustrated that TT effectively alleviates hepatic oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation, induced by acute CCL4 intoxication. In this manner, TT has promising cytoprotective powers against hepatotoxicity induced by CCL4.

Black Seed Thymoquinone Improved Insulin Secretion, Hepatic Glycogen Storage, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Wistar Rats.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the metabolic diseases having several complications. Nigella sativa oil (NSO) might have beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetic complications. Thirty-two mature male Wistar rats were equally divided into four experimental groups: control, control NSO 2 mL/kg, streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic, and diabetic (STZ-induced) treated with oral NSO 2 mg/kg for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, and lipid profile levels were determined. Pancreatic and hepatic tissues were used for catalase and GSH. Histopathology, hepatic glycogen contents, insulin immunohistochemistry, and pancreatic islet morphometry were performed. NSO 2 mL/kg was noticed to decrease (P < 0.05) FBG and increase (P < 0.05) insulin levels in diabetic rats than in diabetic nontreated animals. Lipid profile showed significant (P < 0.5) improvement in diabetic rats that received NSO 2 mL/kg than in the diabetic group. Both pancreatic and hepatic catalase and GSH activities revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increment in the diabetic group treated with NSO than in the diabetic animals. NSO improved the histopathological picture and hepatic glycogen contents of the diabetic group as well as increased (P < 0.05) insulin immunoreactive parts % and mean pancreatic islet diameter. NSO exerts ameliorative and therapeutic effects on the STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats.

Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation improves growth performance, feed utilization, immune response, and relieves oxidative stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Pseudomonas fluorescens.

One hundred and eighty Nile tilapia fish were used in eighty-three-day growth trial. Fish were divided into three treatment groups. The first group T0 was given the basal diet without any supplementation and served as the control group. The second group T1 was given the basal diet supplemented by 1% Spirulina. The third group T2 was given the basal diet supplemented by 2% Spirulina. At the end of the growth performance trial, a challenge trial was conducted using virulent strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Clinical signs, mortalities, postmortem lesions and histopathological alterations were recorded. Hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress and immunological parameters were measured after challenge with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Growth performance was non significantly improved in tilapia fed the diet with 1% Spirulina supplementation (T1). There were neither signs nor mortalities among fishes belonging to 1% Spirulina challenged group. The results showed that Spirulina has a positive effect on hematological, biochemical parameters, MDA, SOD and CAT at T1 (1% spirulia) rather than T2 (2%spirulia). Moreover, the results indicate that Spirulina 1% enhanced bactericidal, phagocytic and lysozyme activities conferring protection against infection. Our results demonstrated a significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1ß and TNF-α) and a down-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). We concluded that 1% Spirulina supplementation significantly improved immunity of Nile tilapia against Pseudomonas fluorescence than 2% Spirulina supplementation.

Allicin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

PURPOSE: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly active antineoplastic agent; however, its clinical use is limited due to associated cardiotoxicity. This study was performed to evaluate the beneficial effects of allicin, a dietary garlic active constituent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS: Forty male Swiss albino mice were divided into five groups, which received normal saline, oral allicin (20 mg kg-1 once daily), intraperitoneal DOX (on the 7, 9 and 11th day of the experiment), or DOX plus once daily allicin at 10 or 20 mg kg-1. Sera were collected for evaluation of cardiac injury markers and proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, heart tissue spacemen were harvested for determination of oxidative stress markers, as well as for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: DOX administration induced significant (p < 0.05) reductions in cardiac tissue level of reduced glutathione and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase). Moreover, it induced significant (p < 0.05) elevations in cardiac tissue concentrations of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde as well as serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). The histopathological examination showed necrotic and degenerative changes in the cardiac tissue, while immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked myocardial expression of activated caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2, following DOX adminstration. Allicin pretreatment significantly improved (p < 0.05) all examined parameters, and restored the cardiac architecture. CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated that allicin effectively mitigates cardiac oxidative damage, apoptosis and inflammation, induced by acute DOX intoxication. Therefore, allicin could be a promising cytoprotective agent against DOX cardiotoxicity.

Protective role of dietary Spirulina platensis against diazinon-induced Oxidative damage in Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus.

The current study was performed to investigate the ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of 0.5 and 1% Spiurolina platensis (SP) diet against the sub-acute toxicity of diazinon (DZN) 0.28mg/L in Nile tilapia. At the end of experiment after 28days, hepatic and renal damage markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine), serum biochemical parameters (total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and glucose) and tissue antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde) were detesrmined. The results of the current study revealed significant improvement in hepatic and renal damage markers after SP supplementation in fish exposed to DZN toxicity. Moreover, SP improved serum biochemical markers through increasing serum albumin and globulins with a significant decrease in serum glucose and cholesterol. In addition, liver, kidneys and gills antioxidant status showed a significant improvement after SP supplemented to fish exposed to DZN where a significant increase in tissue antioxidant activity were observed with a significant decline in lipid peroxidation levels. It can be concluded that, SP supplementation attenuated the toxic effect of DZN toxicity in Nile tilapia through improving liver and kidney functions with a significant enhancement of tissue antioxidant status.

Multivitamins preventive therapy against subclinical endometritis in buffaloes: Its correlation to NEFA and oxidative stress.

The current study was designed to elucidate the in vivo antioxidant, preventive, and ameliorating effects of vitamins AD3E on the incidence of subclinical endometritis (SCE) in buffaloes. Twenty-four buffaloes were divided equally into two groups; group I: control and group II: received AD3E combination. Endometrial cytological samples (n=48) were collected using cytobrush to diagnose SCE by counting polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) ≥6% at 5th (W5) and≥4% at 7th (W7) weeks postpartum. Results revealed that serum superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide significantly increased and decreased, respectively at W7 in AD3E group. The PMN% were significantly correlated with oxidative/anti-oxidative stress markers at W5 and W7. Vaginal score, PMN%, and blood neutrophils were significantly higher in the control group buffaloes than the AD3E enriched ones. Therefore, the prevalence of SCE reduced significantly in the AD3E supplemented buffaloes as compared to the control ones at W5 (23.15% and 38.46%) and W7 (9.8% and 32.34%), respectively. The control group revealed higher NEFA levels (P≤0.05) at W5 and W7 than the AD3E group. The AD3E supplemented buffaloes had shorter days open and higher pregnancy rate at 120th and 150th days postpartum than the control ones. In conclusion, micronutrients (AD3E) intervention acts as a safeguard against the incidence of postpartum SCE and significantly improves the reproductive performance of buffaloes.

Protective role of polyphenols from Bauhinia hookeri against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity in mice.

The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of a polyphenol-rich fraction (BHPF) obtained from Bauhinia hookeri was investigated against CCl4-induced acute hepatorenal toxicity in mice. BHPF was administered (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) for 5 days, then CCl4 was administered. BHPF pretreatment significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the CCl4-induced increase in ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, total bilirubin, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, urea and malondialdehyde in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, BHPF pretreatment markedly increased the contents of glutathione and superoxide dismutase in the liver and kidney tissues, indicating the strong in vivo antioxidant activity of BHPF. Pretreatment with BHPF preserved the hepatic architecture and conferred marked protection against necrosis and ballooning degeneration. Pretreatment with BHPF reduced the inflammatory cell aggregation and degenerative changes in the lining epithelium of the kidney tubules. It can be concluded that BHPF has a remarkable hepato- and nephroprotective activity by enhancing the antioxidant defense status, reducing lipid peroxidation and protecting against the histopathological changes induced by CCl4 in the liver and kidney tissues.

Clinicopathological investigations on mice envenomed with scorpion venom (Androctonus amoreuxi).

The present study assessed the toxicity of Androctonus amoreuxi crude venom on blood and biochemical serum parameters of mice. Adult male Albino mice were divided into three groups, in the control group mice were injected S.C. with saline solution. The second group and the third were injected with the venom S.C. in mice in the following doses 1/4 and 1/2 dose of LD50 respectively. Blood and serum samples were taken after 3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, 12 hours, 4 days and 7 days. Hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH & MCHC were performed. Serum biochemical parameters, the levels of total proteins, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, uric acid and urea were measured. RBCs, Hob, PCV, MCV, MCH & MCHC showed significant increase, and increase in total protein, albumin and globulin within the experiment. Glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly increase from the beginning. Triglycerides showed significant decrease after 6 hours. Liver enzymes and kidney functions revealed significant changes post-injection.