ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objectives: The most common disease of anus is hemorrhoids. The definition of external hemorrhoids suggests the acute phase, often characterized by thrombosis or edema. External thrombosed hemorrhoid is a specific complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different platelet parameters in the presence of internal or external thrombosed hemorrhoids. Methods: Patients examined were divided into two groups: Group 1: Thrombosed hemorrhoids group (THG), Group 2: Hemorrhoidectomy group (HG). Demographic and clinical data were identified. In terms of laboratory findings, preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and all platelet parameters were recorded. Main results: Fifty-two patients in THG, and 75 patients in HG were included in the study. In female sex and young age group, the risk of developing thrombosed hemorrhoids was statistically significant (p= 0.029, p= 0.039, respectively). When the platelet parameters were evaluated; while PDW was higher in THG (p= 0.008), any significant difference could not found in all other values (p> 0.05). Thrombosed hemorrhoids were mostly (59.25%) found to be located in the left laterodorsal part of anus. Conclusion: Internal hemorrhoids are frequently seen in the ages of 45-65 with similar rates in both sexes, while external thrombosed hemorrhoids occur at a younger age (<45) and more often in women. Comparing in terms of platelet indexes, PDW value was found to be significantly higher in THG. In young people, thrombosed hemorrhoids may develop more frequently, as the connective tissue that forms the anal pads is not loose enough to form an internal hemorrhoid, as more seen in older patients.
RESUMO Objetivos: A doença anal mais comum são as hemorróidas. A definição de hemorróidas externas sugere a fase aguda, muitas vezes caracterizada por trombose ou edema. A hemorroida externa trombosada é uma complicação específica. Neste estudo, objetivamos investigar os efeitos de diferentes parâmetros plaquetários na presença de hemorróidas trombosadas internas ou externas. Métodos: Os pacientes examinados foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1, Grupo de Hemorróidas Trombosadas (GHT); Grupo 2, Grupo de hemorroidectomia (GH). Os dados demográficos e clínicos foram identificados. Em termos de achados laboratoriais, a hemoglobina pré-operatória, o hematócrito e todos os parâmetros plaquetários foram registrados. Resultados principais: Cinquenta e dois pacientes em GHT e 75 pacientes em GH foram incluídos no estudo. No sexo feminino e na faixa etária jovem, o risco de desenvolver hemorróidas trombosadas foi estatisticamente significativo (p = 0,029, p = 0,039, respectivamente). Os parâmetros plaquetários avaliados mostraram que, enquanto a Amplitude de Distribuição de Plaquetas (PDW, do inglês platelet distribution width) foi maior no GHT (p = 0,008), nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada para todos os outros valores (p > 0,05). A maioria das hemorróidas trombosadas (59,25%) localizava-se na região lateral-dorsal esquerda do ânus. Conclusão: As hemorróidas internas são frequentemente vistas nas idades de 45 a 65 anos com taxas semelhantes em ambos os sexos, enquanto as hemorróidas externas trombosadas ocorrem em uma idade mais jovem (<45) e mais frequentemente em mulheres. Comparando em termos de índices de plaquetas, foi observado que o valor de PDW foi significativamente maior no GHT. Em pessoas jovens, as hemorróidas trombosadas podem se desenvolver com mais frequência, pois o tecido conjuntivo que forma as almofadas anais não é flácido o suficiente para formar uma hemorroida interna, como ocorre com mais frequência em pacientes mais velhos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Thrombosis/complications , Blood Platelets/pathology , Hemorrhoids/complicationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: An incarcerated hernia is a part of the intestine or abdominal tissue that becomes trapped in the sac of a hernia. An increase in morbidity and mortality occurs after intestinal resections from strangulated hernias. This study aims to examine the markers that may be effective in determining the risk of small bowel resection due to incarcerated hernias. In particular, we aimed to investigate the effect s of blood lactate levels in determining this risk. METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study was designed. Patients, whose preoperative diagnosis were reported as incarcerated hernia and had essential information, were included in this study. They were divided into two groups according to whether they had resection or not. Age, gender, hernia type, hernia side, resection material, blood lactate level (BLL), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count (NE), lymphocyte count (LY), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count (PLT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), radiologic bowel obstruction sign and comorbidities were evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients were included in this study. It was observed that 16 (23.9%) of these patients underwent small intestinal resection, 16 (23.9%) had an omentum resection, while no resection was performed on 35 (52.2%) patients. There was a statistically significant difference regarding radiologically intestinal obstruction (p=0.001), hernia type (p=0.005), BLL (p<0.001), WBC, NLR and LDH values (p<0.05). In incarcerated hernia patients with a lactate value ≥1.46 mg/dL, sensitivity was observed to be 84.0% and specificity 86.0% (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with a preliminary diagnosis of an incarcerated hernia, the risk of possible small bowel resection is the most important point in deciding for an operation. The presence of an intestinal obstruction in radiological examinations, and particularly the high levels of WBC, NLR, LDH and BLL, may indicate a necessity for possible small bowel resection. Concerning the risk associated with small bowel resection, blood lactate levels ≥1.46 mg/dL may be alerting.
