ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition with nodules and fistula formation and scarring. It is a debilitating disease with a severe negative impact on quality of life. There is a need for increased knowledge about the social and lifestyle characteristics of patients with HS in general, and pregnant women in particular. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to investigate and describe social characteristics and comorbidity in all HS patients in Sweden as well as to study the prevalence of lifestyle factors associated with negative impact on health and pregnancy in Swedish pregnant women with HS. METHODS: A registry-based cross-sectional study was performed by record linkage between Swedish registers covering the entire population. A cohort of 13,538 HS patients diagnosed with HS in specialised care during the years 2001-2014 and a subgroup of 1,368 HS patients who had undergone pregnancy during 2010-2015 were defined and described. Aggregated public data on the entire Swedish population and all pregnancies in 2014 were described for reference. RESULTS: The HS population had an average age of 44 years on December 31, 2014. The prevalence of HS was 0.14%. In comparison to the Swedish reference population the HS patients were more often women, unmarried (36 vs. 44% married), and had lower education (68 vs. 82% with an upper-secondary school degree or higher) and lower income (39 vs. 16% made SEK <100,000 a year). Comorbidity was 3% for inflammatory bowel disease and 8% for type 2 diabetes. The subgroup analysis showed high prevalence of overweight, obesity, and smoking in pregnant women with HS. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this comprehensive characterisation of Swedish HS patients may be used to improve preventive measures, information, and care for this vulnerable group.
Subject(s)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Comorbidity , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Life Style , Male , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Registries/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Sweden/epidemiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, itchy, inflammatory skin disorder that may worsen due to stress and anxiety. Tachykinins have been suggested to be involved in the inflammation in AD, as well as pruritus. Aprepitant is a NK-1 receptor antagonist. This open randomized trial evaluated the effect of aprepitant added to topical treatment in adult patients with moderate-severe AD. The treatment group (n = 19) received 80 mg/day aprepitant for 7 days as a supplement to standardized topical treatment with a moderately strong steroid and a moisturizer. The control group (n = 20) received topical treatment alone. Patients were monitored for the extent of the disease (using SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis; SCORAD), pruritus, and scratching movements. In both the aprepitant-treated and the control groups there was a decrease in SCORAD, pruritus and scratching movements. However, there was no significant additional improvement in any of these parameters in the aprepitant-treated group compared with the control group.
Subject(s)
Antipruritics/administration & dosage , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Morpholines/administration & dosage , Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Pruritus/drug therapy , Skin/drug effects , Substance P/antagonists & inhibitors , Administration, Cutaneous , Adult , Antipruritics/adverse effects , Aprepitant , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Morpholines/adverse effects , Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects , Pruritus/diagnosis , Pruritus/metabolism , Severity of Illness Index , Skin/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Substance P/metabolism , Sweden , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inverse) (HS) is a chronic skin disease primarily affecting hair follicles. The aetiology of HS is unknown, but infection is believed to play some role. This retrospective study investigated the microbial colonization directly in skin appendices in HS skin samples. Archival samples from 27 patients with HS were screened by immunofluorescence labelling with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against Gram-positive bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for further species identification of Staphylococcus spp. Overall, 17 patients (63%) were found positive for bacterial colonization. Of these, 15 showed colonization in hair follicles and/or sinus tracts. The most commonly identified bacteria were DAPI labelled coccoids that were seen in 71% of the positive patients in the form of biofilms and microcolonies. P. acnes was found as biofilms in hair follicles of two patients. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were not detected in any sample. The results of this study indicate a common bacterial presence in HS skin lesions. Bacterial biofilms are not uncommon and their pathogenic role needs further evaluation.
