ABSTRACT
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an inflammatory lung disease, causes approximately 3 million deaths each year; however, its pathological mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we examined whether HX110B, a mixture of Taraxacum officinale, Dioscorea batatas, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia extracts, could suppress porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema in mice and its mechanism of action. The therapeutic efficacy of HX110B was tested using a PPE-induced emphysema mouse model and human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. In vivo data showed that the alveolar wall and air space expansion damaged by PPE were improved by HX110B administration. HX110B also effectively suppresses the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, IL-1ß, MIP-2, and iNOS, while stimulating the expression of lung protective factors such as IL-10, CC16, SP-D, and sRAGE. Moreover, HX110B improved the impaired OXPHOS subunit gene expression. In vitro analysis revealed that HX110B exerted its effects by activating the PPAR-RXR signaling pathways. Overall, our data demonstrated that HX110B could be a promising therapeutic option for COPD treatment.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Elastase , Plant Extracts , Signal Transduction , Animals , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Mice , Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism , Humans , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Pulmonary Emphysema/drug therapy , Pulmonary Emphysema/metabolism , Pulmonary Emphysema/chemically induced , Pulmonary Emphysema/pathology , Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Cell Line , Male , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , SwineABSTRACT
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in plastic production. BPA, which has the potential to be poisonous to plants, has lately emerged as a serious environmental concern owing to its extensive usage and release patterns. Prior study has only looked at how BPA affects plants up to a certain stage in their growth. The precise mechanism of toxicity, penetration of BPA, and damage to internal root tissues remains unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the hypothesized mechanism for BPA-induced root cells by studying the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on the ultrastructure and function of root tip cells of soybean plants. We looked at plant changes in root cell tissues after BPA exposure. Further, the biological characteristics that responded to BPA stress were investigated, and the accumulation of BPA in the root, stem, and leaf of the soybean plant was systematically investigated by using FTIR and SEM analysis. The uptake of BPA is a key internal factor that contributes to changes in biological characteristics. Our findings provide insight into how BPA could alter plant root growth, which might contribute new knowledge toward a better scientific appraisal of the possible dangers of BPA exposure for plants.
