ABSTRACT
Background: The importance of preparation and briefing before simulation has been overlooked. A 'think-before-action' strategy is needed in simulation.Purpose: To determine the effect of structured preparation and briefing prior to simulation on nursing students' learning outcomes.Method: In the experimental group, structured pre-simulation preparation and briefing lasted for a total of 35 minutes before simulation. The control group were performed in a conventional manner. Subjects were 80 senior students in one university in Korea (40 students in each group). Data were analyzed using independent t-test.Results: Scores for self-confidence for problem solving (F = 17.414, p < 0.001), clinical judgment (F = 123.781, p < 0.001), and clinical decision-making (F = 45.593, p < 0.001) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Conclusions: Structured preparation and briefing prior to simulation can effectively improve nursing-students' self-confidence for problem solving, clinical judgment, and clinical decision-making.
Subject(s)
Clinical Decision-Making , Self Efficacy , Students, Nursing/psychology , HumansSubject(s)
Hydro-Lyases/chemistry , Streptomyces/enzymology , Acyclic Monoterpenes , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hydro-Lyases/genetics , Hydro-Lyases/metabolism , Kinetics , Monoterpenes/chemistry , Monoterpenes/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/metabolism , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/metabolism , Stereoisomerism , Terpenes/metabolismSubject(s)
Carbon-Carbon Lyases/chemistry , Carbon-Carbon Lyases/metabolism , Diphosphates/metabolism , Diterpenes/metabolism , Streptomyces/enzymology , Terpenes/metabolism , Carbon-Carbon Lyases/biosynthesis , Carbon-Carbon Lyases/genetics , Diphosphates/chemistry , Diterpenes/chemistry , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Streptomyces/chemistry , Streptomyces/genetics , Streptomyces/metabolism , Terpenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Isoflavones are synthesized by isoflavone synthases via the phenylpropanoid pathway in legumes. We have cloned two isoflavone synthase genes, IFS1 and IFS2, from a total of 18 soybean cultivars. The amino acid residues of the proteins that differed between cultivars were dispersed over the entire coding region. However, amino acid sequence variation did not occur in conserved domains such as the ERR triad region, except that one conserved amino acid was changed in the IFS2 protein of the GS12 cultivar (R374G) and the IFS1 proteins of the 99M06 and Soja99s65 cultivars (A109T, F105I). In three cultivars (99M06, 99M116, and Simheukpi), most of amino acid changes were such that the difference between the amino acid sequences of IFS1 and IFS2 was reduced. The expression profiles of three enzymes that convert naringenin to the isoflavone, genistein, chalcone isomerase (CHI), isoflavone synthase (IFS) and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) were examined. In general, IFS mRNA was more abundant in etiolated seedlings than mature plants whereas the levels of CHI and F3H mRNAs were similar in the two stages. During seed development, IFS was expressed a little later than CHI and F3H but expression of these three genes was barely detectable, if at all, during later seed hardening. In addition, we found that the levels of CHI, F3H, and IFS mRNAs were under circadian control. We also showed that IFS was induced by wounding and by application of methyl jasmonate to etiolated soybean seedlings.
