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1.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36612622

ABSTRACT

This study was aimed at verifying the efficacy of EMS training by investigating the changes in upper-limb muscle functions and energy expenditure in athletes with disabilities after an 8-week intervention of EMS training. We compared variations in muscle activity, respiratory gas, and symmetry index (SI) after an 8-week intervention in eight professional male athletes with disabilities wearing an electromyostimulation (EMS) suit (age: 42.00 ± 8.67 years, height: 1.65 ± 0.16 m, weight: 64.00 ± 8.72 kg, career length: 11.75 ± 3.83 years). For EMS training, each participant wore an EMS suit. EMS was applied to the upper-limb muscles pectoralis major and triceps at 40 °C water temperature, with a 25 Hz frequency (duty cycle 10%) for 15 min, followed by a 5 Hz frequency (duty cycle 5%) for 5 min. The pre- and post-intervention measurements were taken in the same way at a pre-set time (for 1 h, twice a week) for 8 weeks. Training involved a seated chest press, and the muscle activity (pectoralis major, triceps, and antebrachial muscles), upper-limb SI, and respiratory gas variables (maximal oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), metabolic equivalents (METs), and energy expenditure per min (Energy expended per minute; EEm)) were analyzed. Variations pre- and post-intervention across the measured variables were analyzed. Regarding the change in muscle activity, significant variations were found in the pectoralis major right (p < 0.004), pectoralis major left (p < 0.001), triceps right (p < 0.002), and antebrachial right (p < 0.001). Regarding left-to-right SI, a positive change was detected in the pectoralis major and triceps muscles. Additionally, respiratory gas analysis indicated significant variations in VO2 (p < 0.001), VCO2 (p < 0.001), METs (p < 0.001), and EEm (p < 0.001). EMS training improved muscle strength and respiratory gas variables and is predicted to contribute to enhanced muscle function and rehabilitation training for athletes with disabilities.


Subject(s)
Disabled Persons , Electric Stimulation Therapy , Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Upper Extremity , Athletes
2.
Diabetes ; 67(4): 662-673, 2018 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29321172

ABSTRACT

Pharmacological dosing of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) controls adiposity in rodents by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing fatty acid oxidation. Retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh) catalyze the first reaction that activates retinol into atRA. This study examined postnatal contributions of Rdh10 to atRA biosynthesis and physiological functions of endogenous atRA. Embryonic fibroblasts from Rdh10 heterozygote hypomorphs or with a total Rdh10 knockout exhibit decreased atRA biosynthesis and escalated adipogenesis. atRA or a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) pan-agonist reversed the phenotype. Eliminating one Rdh10 copy in vivo (Rdh10+/- ) yielded a modest decrease (≤25%) in the atRA concentration of liver and adipose but increased adiposity in male and female mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD); increased liver steatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance in males fed an HFD; and activated bone marrow adipocyte formation in females, regardless of dietary fat. Chronic dosing with low-dose atRA corrected the metabolic defects. These data resolve physiological actions of endogenous atRA, reveal sex-specific effects of atRA in vivo, and establish the importance of Rdh10 to metabolic control by atRA. The consequences of a modest decrease in tissue atRA suggest that impaired retinol activation may contribute to diabesity, and low-dose atRA therapy may ameliorate adiposity and its sequelae of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.


Subject(s)
Adipogenesis/genetics , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Alcohol Oxidoreductases/genetics , Lipid Metabolism/genetics , Liver/metabolism , Tretinoin/metabolism , Adipogenesis/drug effects , Adiposity/genetics , Animals , Diet, High-Fat , Female , Fibroblasts/metabolism , Glucose Intolerance/metabolism , Heterozygote , Insulin Resistance/genetics , Lipid Metabolism/drug effects , Male , Mice , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Receptors, Retinoic Acid/agonists , Sex Factors , Tretinoin/pharmacology , Vitamin A/metabolism
3.
J Microbiol Methods ; 60(2): 169-77, 2005 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15590091

ABSTRACT

Cloning and sequence analysis of rfbS gene identified two polymorphic nucleotides, one at position 598 (Salmonella gallinarum-specific) and other at position 237 (Salmonella pullorum-specific). Based on S. gallinarum-specific nucleotide found at position 598, an allele-specific PCR method was developed for serotype-specific detection of S. gallinarum. This PCR method was able to discriminate pure cultures of S. gallinarum from S. pullorum and other Salmonella serotypes from serogroup D in less than 3 h. Serotype-specific detection of S. gallinarum was possible in less than 24 h when the PCR was applied on the presumptive Salmonella colonies obtained after overnight incubation of selective media plates streaked with the clinical material from diseased chickens. As little as 100 pg of genomic DNA could be detected with S. gallinarum-specific primers; no PCR product was detected in non-S. gallinarum serotypes of serogroup D and other closely related non-salmonella organisms. This rfbS allele-specific amplification assay is specific, reproducible and less time consuming than the standard bacteriological methods used to detect S. gallinarum and could be an effective molecular tool for rapid definitive diagnosis of fowl typhoid in the areas of endemicity where fowl typhoid infection exists.


Subject(s)
Carbohydrate Epimerases/genetics , Chickens , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Poultry Diseases/microbiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella/genetics , Alleles , Animals , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Korea/epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , O Antigens/chemistry , O Antigens/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Polymorphism, Genetic , Poultry Diseases/diagnosis , Poultry Diseases/epidemiology , Reproducibility of Results , Salmonella/enzymology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/diagnosis , Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sequence Analysis, DNA
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