Anticancer effects of gossypetin from Hibiscus sabdariffa in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Gossypetin, isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L, has been shown to have various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against various diseases. However, since the effect of gossypetin in oral cancer remains to be reported, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity and mechanisms of gossypetin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODOLOGY: The proliferation of OSCC cells was evaluated by cell viability and soft agar colony assays. The effects of gossypetin on the migration and invasion of OSCC cells was investigated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, the anticancer mechanism of gossypetin in OSCC cells was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS: Gossypetin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and induced apoptosis by upregulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, gossypetin regulated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B. CONCLUSION: Results showed that gossypetin inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and triggers apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in OSCC. Therefore, gossypetin has the potential for use as a chemopreventive agent in oral cancer.

Anticancer effects of gossypetin from Hibiscus sabdariffa in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Objective Gossypetin, isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L, has been shown to have various pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity against various diseases. However, since the effect of gossypetin in oral cancer remains to be reported, we aimed to investigate the anticancer activity and mechanisms of gossypetin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology The proliferation of OSCC cells was evaluated by cell viability and soft agar colony assays. The effects of gossypetin on the migration and invasion of OSCC cells was investigated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, the anticancer mechanism of gossypetin in OSCC cells was analyzed by western blotting. Results Gossypetin inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and induced apoptosis by upregulating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, gossypetin regulated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B. Conclusion Results showed that gossypetin inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells and triggers apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in OSCC. Therefore, gossypetin has the potential for use as a chemopreventive agent in oral cancer.

Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. METHODOLOGY: We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. RESULTS: In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer.

Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. Methodology We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. Results In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer.

Safety of Everolimus With Reduced Calcineurin Inhibitor Exposure in De Novo Kidney Transplants: An Analysis From the Randomized TRANSFORM Study.

BACKGROUND: The safety profiles of standard therapy versus everolimus with reduced-exposure calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) therapy using contemporary protocols in de novo kidney transplant recipients have not been compared in detail. METHODS: TRANSFORM was a randomized, international trial in which de novo kidney transplant patients were randomized to everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI (N = 1014) or mycophenolic acid (MPA) with standard-exposure CNI (N = 1012), both with induction and corticosteroids. RESULTS: Within the safety population (everolimus 1014, MPA 1012), adverse events with a suspected relation to study drug occurred in 62.9% versus 59.2% of patients given everolimus or MPA, respectively (P = 0.085). Hyperlipidemia, interstitial lung disease, peripheral edema, proteinuria, stomatitis/mouth ulceration, thrombocytopenia, and wound healing complications were more frequent with everolimus, whereas diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, tremor, and insomnia were more frequent in the MPA group. The incidence of viral infections (17.2% versus 29.2%; P < 0.001), cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections (8.1% versus 20.1%; P < 0.001), CMV syndrome (13.6% versus 23.0%, P = 0.044), and BK virus (BKV) infections (4.3% versus 8.0%, P < 0.001) were less frequent with everolimus. CMV infection was less common with everolimus versus MPA after adjusting for prophylaxis therapy in the D+/R- subgroup (P < 0.001). Study drug was discontinued more frequently due to rejection or impaired healing with everolimus, and more often due to BKV infection or BKV nephropathy with MPA. CONCLUSIONS: De novo everolimus with reduced-exposure CNI yielded a comparable incidence, though a distinctly different pattern, of adverse events versus current standard of care. Both regimens are safe and effective, yet their distinct profiles may enable tailoring for individual kidney transplant recipients.