ABSTRACT
We developed a structured illumination-based optical inspection system to inspect metallic nanostructures in real time. To address this, we used post-image-processing techniques to enhance the image resolution. To examine the fabricated metallic nanostructures in real time, a compact and highly resolved optical inspection system was designed for practical industrial use. Structured illumination microscopy yields multiple images with various linear illumination patterns, which can be used to reconstruct resolution-enhanced images. Images of nanosized posts and complex structures reflected in the structured illumination were reconstructed into images with improved resolution. A comparison with wide-field images demonstrates that the optical inspection system exhibits high performance and is available as a real-time nanostructure inspection platform. Because it does not require special environmental conditions and enables multiple systems to be covered in arrays, the developed system is expected to provide real-time and noninvasive inspections during the production of large-area nanostructured components.
ABSTRACT
Dual-depth spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) enables high-resolution in vivo whole-eye imaging. Two orthogonally polarized beams from a source are focused simultaneously on two axial positions of the anterior segment and the retina. For the detector arm, a 1×2 ultrafast optical switch sequentially delivers two spectral interference signals to a single spectrometer, which extends the in-air axial depth range up to 9.44 mm. An off-pivot complex conjugate removal technique doubles the depth range for all anterior segment imaging. The graphics-processing-unit-based parallel signal processing algorithm supports fast two- and three-dimensional image displays. The obtained high-resolution anterior and retinal images are measured biometrically. The dual-depth SD-OCT system has an axial resolution of â¼6.4 µm in air, and the sensitivity is 91.79 dB at 150 µm from the zero-delay line.
Subject(s)
Biometry , Eye/diagnostic imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Algorithms , Humans , Refractometry , Retina , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recently, a capsule endoscope has been developed and many researchers have been trying to develop locomotive capsules. To develop locomotive capsules, the inner volume of the capsule has to be large enough to insert actuators, and the edge shape of the exterior capsule has to be suitable for locomotion. There are many locomotional methods, but an electrical stimulus method provides the appropriate power consumption, plus the shape of the capsule is the same as general telemetry capsules. In this paper, the optimal shape of the electrical stimulus capsule (ESC) was designed and implemented to provide the appropriate inner volume and moving speed of the capsule. METHODS: A simple mathematical model was used to simulate various capsule shapes, and simple mathematical formulae were used to simulate the relationship between the shape of the edge of the capsule and the contraction force of the small intestine. The optimal edge shape of the capsule was decided based on the crossing point of the volume and moving speed. To verify the simulation, two capsules were implemented as the control and experimental groups. RESULTS: From the in vitro experiments, four fresh intestines were used to measure the moving speed of the capsules. The average speed of the proposed capsule was 0.125 +/- 0.096 cm/s (20 V, 10 ms, 20 Hz), while the control group capsule was only 0.016 +/- 0.33 cm/s (20 V, 10 ms, 20 Hz), and both groups showed a significant difference from the statistical analysis (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney rank sum test). CONCLUSIONS: This paper presents a proposed design for the external shape of the ESC that could fill the need of researchers who want more inner volume and doctors who want to prevent the capsule from being stuck in the intestine.
