Bursal acromial resurfacing improves shoulder biomechanics in a cadaveric model of massive rotator cuff tear.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of bursal acromial resurfacing (acromiograft) on acromiohumeral distance, subacromial contact area, and pressure in a cadaveric model of massive rotator cuff tear. METHODS: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were tested using a customized shoulder testing system. Humeral head translation, subacromial contact pressure, and the subacromial contact area were evaluated across four conditions: (1) intact shoulder; (2) simulated massive rotator cuff tear; (3) 3-mm acromiograft condition; (4) 6-mm acromiograft condition. The acromiografts were simulated using Teflon and a reported technique. The values were measured at 0°, 20°, and 40° abduction and 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° external rotation (ER) for each abduction status. RESULTS: Compared with a massive cuff tear, the 6-mm acromiograft significantly reduced the superior translation of the humeral head at all abduction/ER angles (P<0.05). The 3-mm acromiograft also decreased superior translation of the humeral head compared to massive cuff tear, but not all differences were significant. The 3- and 6-mm acromiografts significantly decreased the subacromial contact pressure and increased the subacromial contact area in almost all positions (P<0.05). The 3-mm acromiograft maintained biomechanical properties similar to the intact condition, whereas the 6-mm acromiograft increased the contact area. CONCLUSIONS: This biomechanical study demonstrated that both 3- and 6- mm acromiografts using Teflon in a cadaveric model of a massive cuff tear resulted in recentering of the superiorly migrated humeral head, increased the subacromial contact area, and decreased the subacromial contact pressure. The 3- mm graft was sufficient for achieving the intended therapeutic effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The acromiograft can normalize altered biomechanics and may aid the treatment of massive cuff tears. As grafting the acromion's undersurface is new with limited clinical outcomes, further observation is crucial. Using Teflon instead of ADM allograft for bursal acromial resurfacing could yield different results, requiring careful interpretation.

Stimulus of Work Function on Electron Transfer Process of Intermetallic Nickel-Antimonide Toward Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting.

Engineering the intermetallic nanostructures as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is of great interest in green hydrogen production. However, a few non-noble metals act as bifunctional electrocatalysts, exhibiting terrific HER and OER processes reported to date. Herein the intermetallic nickel-antimonide (Ni─Sb) dendritic nanostructure via cost-effective electro-co-deposition method is designed and their bifunctional electrocatalytic property toward HER and OER is unrevealed. The designed Ni─Sb delivers a superior bifunctional activity in 1 m KOH electrolyte, with a shallow overpotential of ≈119 mV at -10 mA for HER and ≈200 mV at 50 mA for OER. The mechanism behind the excellent bifunctional property of Ni─Sb is discussed via "interfacial descriptor" with the aid of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). This study reveals the rate of electrocatalytic reaction depends on the energy required for electron and proton transfer from the catalyst's surface. It is noteworthy that the assembled Ni─Sb-90 electrolyzer requires only a minuscule cell voltage of ≈1.46 V for water splitting, which is far superior to the art of commercial catalysts.

Unravelling the Bi-Functional Electrocatalytic Properties of {Mo72Fe30} Polyoxometalate Nanostructures for Overall Water Splitting Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscope and Electrochemical Gating Methods.

This study reports the use of Keplerate-type {Mo72Fe30} polyoxometalate (POMs) nanostructures as a bi-functional-electrocatalyst for HER and OER in an alkaline medium with a lower overpotential (135 mV for HER and 264 mV for OER), and excellent electrochemical stability. The bi-functional catalytic properties of {Mo72Fe30} POM are studied using a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) via current mapping using substrate generation and tip collection mode. Furthermore, the bipolar nature of the {Mo72Fe30} POM nano-electrocatalysts is studied using the electrochemical gating via simultaneous monitoring of the electrochemical (cell) and electrical ({Mo72Fe30} POM) signals. Next, a prototype water electrolyzer fabricated using {Mo72Fe30} POM electrocatalysts showed they can drive 10 mA cm-2 with a low cell voltage of 1.62 V in lab-scale test conditions. Notably, the {Mo72Fe30} POM electrolyzers' performance assessment based on recommended conditions for industrial aspects shows that they require a very low overpotential of 1.89 V to drive 500 mA cm-2, highlighting their promising candidature toward clean-hydrogen production.

Synergistic Performance Boosts of Dopamine-Derived Carbon Shell Over Bi-metallic Sulfide: A Promising Advancement for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes.

A CoMoS composite is synthesized to combine the benefits of cobalt and molybdenum sulfides as an anodic material for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The synthesis is accomplished using a simple two-step hydrothermal method and the resulting CoMoS nanocomposites are subsequently encapsulated in a carbonized polydopamine shell. The synthesis procedure exploited the self-polymerization ability of dopamine to create nitrogen-doped carbon-coated cobalt molybdenum sulfide, denoted as CoMoS@NC. Notably, the de-lithiation capacity of CoMoS and CoMoS@NC is 420 and 709 mAh g⁻1, respectively, even after 100 lithiation/de-lithiation cycles at a current density of 200 mA g⁻1. Furthermore, excellent capacity retention ability is observed for CoMoS@NC as it withstood 600 consecutive lithiation/de-lithiation cycles with 94% capacity retention. Moreover, a LIB full-cell assembly incorporating the CoMoS@NC anode and an NMC-532 cathode is subjected to comprehensive electrochemical and practical tests to evaluate the performance of the anode. In addition, the density functional theory showcases the increased lithium adsorption for CoMoS@NC, supporting the experimental findings. Hence, the use of dopamine as a nitrogen-doped carbon shell enhanced the performance of the CoMoS nanocomposites in experimental and theoretical tests, positioning the material as a strong candidate for LIB anode.

Varus-valgus alignment of humeral short stem in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: does it really matter?

BACKGROUND: The utilization of short humeral stems in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has gained attention in recent times. However, concerns regarding the risk of misalignment during implant insertion are associated with their use. METHODS: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were prepared for dissection and biomechanical testing. A bespoke humeral implant was fabricated to facilitate assessment of neutral, varus, and valgus alignments using a single stem, and 10° was established as the maximum permissible angle for misalignments. Shift in humerus position and changes in deltoid length attributable to misalignments relative to the neutral position were evaluated using a Microscribe 3DLx system. The impingement-free range of motion, encompassing abduction, adduction, internal rotation, and external rotation (ER), was gauged using a digital goniometer. The capacity for abduction was evaluated at maximal abduction angles under successive loading on the middle deltoid. A specialized traction system coupled with a force transducer was employed to measure anterior dislocation forces. RESULTS: Relative to the neutral alignment, valgus alignment resulted in a more distal (10.5 ± 2.4 mm) and medial (8.3 ± 2.2 mm) translation of the humeral component, whereas the varus alignment resulted in the humerus shifting more superiorly (11.2 ± 1.3 mm) and laterally (9.9 ± 0.9 mm) at 0° abduction. The valgus alignment exhibited the highest abduction angle than neutral alignment (86.2°, P < .001). Conversely, the varus alignment demonstrated significantly higher adduction (18.4 ± 7.4°, P < .001), internal rotation (68.9 ± 15.0°, P = .014), and ER (45.2 ± 10.5°, P = .002) at 0° abduction compared to the neutral alignments. Anterior dislocation forces were considerably lower (23.8 N) in the varus group compared to the neutral group at 0°ER (P = .047). Additionally, abduction capability was markedly higher in varus alignment at low deltoid loads than the neutral alignment (5N, P = .009; 7.5 N, P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: The varus position enhances rotational range of motion (ROM) but increases instability, while the valgus position does not significantly impact ROM or instability compared to the neutral position.

Chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles: a positive modulator of drought stress tolerance in soybean.

BACKGROUND: Chitosan biopolymer is an emerging non-toxic and biodegradable plant elicitor or bio-stimulant. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been used for the enhancement of plant growth and development. On the other hand, NO is an important signaling molecule that regulates several aspects of plant physiology under normal and stress conditions. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and use of chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles for improving drought stress tolerance in soybean. RESULTS: The CSGSNONPs released NO gas for a significantly longer period and at a much lower rate as compared to free GSNO indicating that incorporation of GSNO in CSNPs can protect the NO-donor from rapid decomposition and ensure optimal NO release. CS-GSNONPs improved drought tolerance in soybean plants reflected by a significant increase in plant height, biomass, root length, root volume, root surface area, number of root tips, forks, and nodules. Further analyses indicated significantly lower electrolyte leakage, higher proline content, higher catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity, and reduction in MDA and H2O2 contents after treatment with 50 µM CS-GSNONPs under drought stress conditions. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that CS-GSNONPs protected against drought-induced stress by regulating the expression of drought stress-related marker genes such as GmDREB1a, GmP5CS, GmDEFENSIN, and NO-related genes GmGSNOR1 and GmNOX1. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the potential of nano-technology-based delivery systems for nitric oxide donors to improve plant growth, and development and protect against stresses.

Topochemically prepared tungsten disulfide nanostructures as a novel pseudocapacitive electrode for high performance supercapacitor.

The topochemical preparation of nanostructured materials (NMs) has received significant attention in recent years due to the exceptional electrochemical properties exhibited by the resulting NMs. This work focuses on the preparation of two-dimensional tungsten di-sulfide (WS2) nanostructures through the topochemical conversion of tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanostructures and also evaluates their potential applications as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs). The X-ray diffraction and photoelectron studies conducted in this research reveal the conversion of hexagonal WO3 into hexagonal WS2 nanosheets, accompanied by changes in oxidation states. The FE-SEM and HR-TEM studies confirm the formation of WS2 in the sheet-like morphologies with lateral dimensions of 100 × 100 nm. The electrochemical investigation, using techniques such as CV, galvanostatic CD, and EIS, confirmed the presence of intercalation pseudocapacitance in the WS2 electrode, with a higher electrode-specific-capacitance (260 F g-1) than that of WO3 electrode. The WS2 symmetric SC delivered high device capacitance (59.17 F g-1), energy density (8.21 Wh kg-1) and power density (3,750 W kg-1) with better cyclic stability over 5000 cycles. These experimental findings show that the topochemically synthesized WS2as novel supercapacitor electrodes might be useful for the advancement of future-generation energy storage devices.

Untethered Magnetic Soft Robot with Ultra-Flexible Wirelessly Rechargeable Micro-Supercapacitor as an Onboard Power Source.

Soft robotics has developed rapidly in recent years as an emergent research topic, offering new avenues for various industrial and biomedical settings. Despite these advancements, its applicability is limited to locomotion and actuation due to the lack of an adequate charge storage system that can support the robot's sensory system in challenging conditions. Herein, an ultra-flexible, lightweight (≈50 milligrams), and wirelessly rechargeable micro-supercapacitor as an onboard power source for miniaturized soft robots, capable of powering a range of sensory is proposed. The simple and scalable direct laser combustion technique is utilized to fabricate the robust graphene-like carbon micro-supercapacitor (GLC-MSC) electrode. The GLC-MSC demonstrates superior areal capacitance (8.76 mF cm-2 ), and maintains its original capacitance even under extreme actuation frequency (1-30 Hz). As proof of conceptthe authors fabricate a fully integrated magnetic-soft robot that shows outstanding locomotion aptitude and charged wirelessly (up to 2.4 V within 25s), making it an ideal onboard power source for soft robotics.

Recent Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators: From Technological Progress to Commercial Applications.

Serious climate changes and energy-related environmental problems are currently critical issues in the world. In order to reduce carbon emissions and save our environment, renewable energy harvesting technologies will serve as a key solution in the near future. Among them, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which is one of the most promising mechanical energy harvesters by means of contact electrification phenomenon, are explosively developing due to abundant wasting mechanical energy sources and a number of superior advantages in a wide availability and selection of materials, relatively simple device configurations, and low-cost processing. Significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been achieved toward understanding fundamental behaviors and a wide range of demonstrations since its report in 2012. As a result, considerable technological advancement has been exhibited and it advances the timeline of achievement in the proposed roadmap. Now, the technology has reached the stage of prototype development with verification of performance beyond the lab scale environment toward its commercialization. In this review, distinguished authors in the world worked together to summarize the state of the art in theory, materials, devices, systems, circuits, and applications in TENG fields. The great research achievements of researchers in this field around the world over the past decade are expected to play a major role in coming to fruition of unexpectedly accelerated technological advances over the next decade.

Decoupling Contact and Rotary Triboelectrification vs Materials Property: Toward Understanding the Origin of Direct-Current Generation in TENG.

Direct-current (DC) triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are increasingly recognized as next-generation power sources for widespread applications. Research has recently focused on developing novel materials as active layers for DC TENGs and device configurations to elucidate the working mechanisms. In this work, we report the use of a carbyne (dehydrohalogenated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)) film as a positive-type friction layer for DC TENGs for efficient harvesting of rotary energy. The fabricated carbyne-based rotary TENG generates an output voltage (120 V) with excellent mechanical stability and peak power density (500 µW m-2). The mechanism of DC output generation from the carbyne-based rotary TENG is explained based on halogen removal from PVDF and the electrostatic breakdown effect. Additionally, the humidity effects on the fabricated carbyne-based rotary TENG toward a self-powered humidity sensor are studied in detail with the aid of in situ Raman analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and open-circuit potential measurements. Together, our experimental results demonstrate that using carbyne as an active triboelectric layer for DC TENGs would greatly benefit the next generation of power devices.

Activated carbon derived from cherry flower biowaste with a self-doped heteroatom and large specific surface area for supercapacitor and sodium-ion battery applications.

Herein, cherry flower waste-derived activated carbon (CFAC) with self-doped nitrogen is synthesized as a viable energy storage material for green and sustainable energy solutions. The activated carbon derived in this way is examined as an electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC)-type electrode material and sodium-ion battery (NIB) electrode material, and commendable performance is demonstrated for both of these energy storage applications. The specific surface area (SSA) and nitrogen content are observed to play a very delicate role in determining the charge storage ability of the CFAC, and the performance is optimized only by carefully balancing both of these properties. The optimized CFAC electrode supplied an excellent performance with a specific capacitance of 333.8 F g-1 and capacity is maintained to more than 96% even after 38,000 charge-discharge cycles as an EDLC-type supercapacitor electrode material. Likewise, the CFAC/NIB also yielded remarkable performance with an average specific capacity of 150 mAh g-1 and capacity retention of more than 84% after 200 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, an electrokinetic study was performed for both supercapacitor and NIB applications to identify the contribution from surface and diffusion type charge storage phenomena, consequently highlighting the role of the SSA and nitrogen content in the CFAC matrix.

Effective regeneration of mixed composition of spent lithium-ion batteries electrodes towards building supercapacitor.

Recycling of different manufacturers of spent lithium-ion batteries cathode and anode via a simple regeneration process has an opportunity to fabricate new energy devices. In this study, the different manufacturers of spent LIB cathode pieces were subjected to lixiviation process and found the best-optimized conditions such as tartaric acid concentration (2.5 M), H2O2 concentration (7.5 vol%), solid-liquid ratio (80 g/L), temperature (80 °C), and lixiviation time (80 min) for maximum ~ 99% extraction efficiency of metals. Further, 3D-MnCo2O4 (MCO) spheres were regenerated from the cathode lixivium containing metal ions via hydrothermal technique. Besides, anode graphite and Al foils after cathode lixiviation were exploited to prepare reduced graphene oxide (RGO) at room temperature in a simple method. The electrochemical performance of both regenerated electrodes from spent LIBs was explored in the half-cell configuration using the 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Additionally, the constructed MCO//RGO asymmetric supercapacitor device offers an operational voltage of 1.8 V and displays a high energy density of ~ 23.9 Wh kg-1 at 450 W kg-1 with 8000 cycles. This alternative recycling method proposes the possibility to construct high-energy storage devices from different compositions of spent LIBs.

Two Faces Under a Hood: Unravelling the Energy Harnessing and Storage Properties of 1T-MoS2 Quantum Sheets for Next-Generation Stand-Alone Energy Systems.

The two-dimensional 1T-MoS2 quantum sheets (QSs) continuously seek attention due to their extraordinary energy harnessing and storage properties towards designing an all-in-one self-charging power system (SCPS). Herein, we have utilized the superior dual-functional nature of exfoliated MoS2 QSs for SCPS via fabricating all-solid-state microsupercapacitors (MSC) as an energy storage device and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with MoS2 QSs based charge-trapping interfacial layer as the energy harvester. The electrochemical analysis of MoS2 QSs MSC indicated their superior capacitive properties with a high areal capacitance (4.3 mF cm-2), energy density (0.38 µWh cm-2), and long cycle life. Furthermore, we emphasize the fabrication of MSC with shape diversity and performance uniformity via construction in several designable shapes, which exhibit superior electrochemical performances. The MoS2 QSs based charge-trapping layer enhances the output performance of TENG dramatically with a peak power density as large as 10 µW cm-2, which is 13-fold greater than that of the pristine TENG. As proof of the concept, we fabricated an all MoS2 based SCPS which showed their ability to self-charge up to a maximum of 1050 mV, outperforming many SCPS reported previously. Overall, this work creates a way to utilize the bifunctional properties of MoS2 QSs for the development of next-generation SCPS.

Ferroelectric-semiconductor BaTiO3-Ag2O nanohybrid as an efficient piezo-photocatalytic material.

Piezo-photocatalysis is a new concept of utilizing nanohybrids comprising piezoelectric and photocatalytic materials for enhancement in advanced oxidation process under the presence of light and mechanical energy. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of piezo-photocatalysis via examining their catalytic activity towards the degradation of azo dye (Rhodamine-B) and standard pollutant (Phenol) catalyzed by ferroelectric-semiconductor (BaTiO3-Ag2O) nanohybrids. Further, the enhancement in piezo-photocatalysis has been achieved via persulfate activation and the role of free radicals was examined by quenchers. A plausible mechanism for the improved piezo-photocatalysis of BaTiO3-Ag2O nanohybrid using persulfate activation has been discussed in detail. The removal mechanism of Rhodamine-B has been investigated using analytical techniques such as HPLC and EPR. Our experimental study demonstrated that the combination of piezo-photocatalysis with persulfate activation will provide higher reaction rate which will be beneficial towards the degradation of complex molecular pollutants derived from industrial sectors.

LiTaO3-Based Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Mechanical Energy Harvesting.

Mechanical energy is one of the freely available green energy sources that could be harvested to meet the small-scale energy demand. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can be used to harvest the biomechanical energy that is available in everyday human life and power various portable electronics. Herein, a ferroelectric material, i.e., lithium tantalate (LiTaO3), was synthesized and used to fabricate a flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (FPNG). Generally, ferroelectric materials display a strong electrostatic dipole moment and high piezoelectric coefficient, thus resulting in enhanced electrical performance. First, LiTaO3 nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded into poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) to form a piezoelectric film and then, the piezoelectric composite film was sandwiched between two aluminum electrodes to fabricate an FPNG. The effect of the electrical performance of FPNG as a function of the concentration of LiTaO3 loaded into PVDF was systematically investigated and optimized. The 2.5 wt % FPNG exhibited open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power density values of ∼18 V, ∼1.2 µA, and ∼25 mW/m2, respectively. Furthermore, the FPNG revealed good electrical stability and mechanical durability. Finally, the FPNG was employed as a weight sensor to harvest various biomechanical energies and operate low-power- electronics.

Electrospun Polymer-Derived Carbyne Supercapacitor for Alternating Current Line Filtering.

The filtering device is a vital component of electronic goods that rectifies ripples which occur upon converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and attenuates high-frequency noise during switching or voltage declines. Classical filtering devices suffer from low performance metrics and are bulky, limiting their use in modern electronic devices. The fabrication process of electrode materials for high-frequency symmetric supercapacitor (HFSSC) is complicated, hindering commercialization. Herein, for the first time, the design of a high-performance stand-alone carbyne film comprised of sp/sp2 -hybridized carbon as an electrode for AC filtering under a wide frequency range is reported. The carbyne film as HFSSC shows the ideal capacitive behavior at ultrahigh scan rate of 10 000 V s-1 with excellent linearity which is top among the reported AC line filter capacitor. The carbyne HFSSC exhibits a high energy density of 703.25 µF V2  cm-2 at 120 Hz, which is superior to that of current commercial electrolytic filters and many reported AC line supercapacitors. As a proof of concept, a carbyne device is implemented in a real time AC to DC adaptor that demonstrates excellent filtering performance at high frequencies.

Metal-Amino Acid Nanofibers based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self-Powered Thioacetamide Sensor.

The biomolecules offer different metal-binding sites to form a coordination polymer with structural diversity. The coordination directed one-dimensional metal-biomolecule nanofibers (Cu-Asp NFs) designed using copper as metal ion and aspartate as a ligand for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported here. The different characterization techniques reveal the detailed characteristics of the synthesized Cu-Asp NFs. The robust coating of the Cu-Asp NFs is achieved using a simple tape cast coater. The bending and water dipping studies suggest the stability of the coated material. The relative polarity test and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) reveal the position of Cu-Asp in the triboelectric series. The Cu-Asp NFs and Teflon are used as the active material for the fabrication of freestanding mode (NF-TENG) and contact-separation mode (cNF-TENG) TENG. The NF-TENG generates an output of 200 V and 6 µA. The simple ion deposition technique enhances the voltage, current, and transferred charge of cNF-TENG by 2.5, 8, and 3 times. The use of the material for the single electrode sliding mode device further confirms the coated material's stability and robustness. A selective self-powered thioacetamide sensor is developed with the cNF-TENG, which exhibits a sensitivity of 0.76 v mM-1. Finally, NF-TENG is demonstrated for powering up numerous portable electronics.

Biodegradable metal-organic framework MIL-88A for triboelectric nanogenerator.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are multifunctional materials with a unique advantage of high porosity and surface area and size tunability and can be modified without altering the topology. The interesting and desirable properties of MOFs led to their exploration for the triboelectric nanogenerator. Herein, a biodegradable MOF MIL-88A for TENG (MIL-TENG) is reported. MIL-88A can be easily synthesized by coordinating iron chloride and fumaric acid in water, thus offering eco-friendly synthesis. Various materials are selected as opposite layers to MIL-88A to analyze triboelectric behavior and performance. The MIL-TENG exhibits an output trend of TENGEC < TENGKapton < TENGFEP. The MIL-88A and FEP generated an output voltage of 80 V and an output current of 2.2 µA. The surface potential measurement and electrical output trend suggest the positive triboelectric behavior of MIL-88A concerning FEP and Kapton. The utilization of biomechanical motions and numerous low-rating electronics powered via a capacitor are demonstrated.

Topochemically synthesized MoS2 nanosheets: A high performance electrode for wide-temperature tolerant aqueous supercapacitors.

This work describes the formation of two-dimensional molybdenum di-sulfide (MoS2) nanosheets via topochemical sulfurization of MoO3 microplates and its applications towards wide-temperature tolerant supercapacitors. Physico-chemical characterizations such as XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS and elemental mapping analysis revealed the formation of MoS2 nanosheets with lateral size in the range of 200 nm. The electrochemical properties of the MoS2 electrode using three-electrode configuration tests revealed the presence of pseudocapacitive mechanism of charge-storage with a high capacitance (119.38 F g-1) from cyclic voltammetry profiles and superior cyclic stability of 95.1% over 2000 cycles. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) fabricated using MoS2 electrodes delivered a high-energy density (6.56 Wh kg-1) and high-power density (2500 W kg-1) with long cycle life. The electrochemical performance of the MoS2 SSC exhibited ~121% improvement at 80 °C compared to that achieved at 20 °C and the mechanism of improved properties were examined with the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These experimental results indicate usefulness of topochemically synthesized MoS2 for construction of wide-temperature tolerant supercapacitors that can be useful in a variety of industrial sectors.

Synergistic effects of nanocarbon spheres sheathed on a binderless CoMoO4 electrode for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitor.

An essential key to enhancing the specific capacity and cyclic stability of transition metal oxide materials is the hybridization of carbon compounds by binder-free methods for supercapacitors. Carbonaceous compounds shorten the electron-ion diffusion pathways due to their high active surface area and conductivity. Herein, we focus on improving the specific energy, stability, and conductivity of the electrode by the incorporation of nanosized carbon material. The integration of nano carbons from viable eco-friendly glucose with CoMoO4 enhanced the experimental specific capacity of the electrode. The self-grown CoMoO4 on a nickel foam (CMO-NF) was confirmed as the best approach after extensive optimization process by the feasible hydrothermal (HT) method. The amount of carbon deposited and the structural morphology on the fabricated CoMoO4-glucose-derived carbon (CMO-GC) electrode was varied by adjusting the concentration of glucose by the viable HT technique. Notably, the hybrid CMO-GC-2 achieved a maximum specific capacity of 851.85 C g-1 at 1 A g-1, and it is relatively higher than that of CMO-NF (301.4 C g-1). The asymmetric supercapacitor device (CMO-GC-2//AC) demonstrated excellent energy density (36.86 W h kg-1 for 152.84 W kg-1), power density (3209.35 W kg-1 for 11.19 W h kg-1), and extensive capacity retention of 87% for up to 5000 cycles. The high performance is related to the synergetic effect of EDLC and the redox reaction, with nano-architecture and well-defined morphology of the electrode material.