Is laparoscopic repair of incarcerated abdominal hernias safe? Analysis of short-term outcomes.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature surrounding the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic repair for acutely incarcerated abdominal hernias. The objective of this study was to compare the 30-day morbidity and mortality between laparoscopic and open repairs of incarcerated abdominal hernias. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the National Surgery Quality Improvement Program from 2005 to 2012. The study population was selected using ICD-9 diagnostic codes describing abdominal hernias with obstruction, but without gangrene. Cases with documented bowel resection were excluded. Group classification was based on CPT coding. Study outcomes included the 30-day major complication, reoperation and mortality rates. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounding for all study outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 2688 and 15,562 patients were in the laparoscopic and open group, respectively. After adjustment for clinically relevant confounders, laparoscopic surgery was associated with a significantly lower 30-day infectious (OR 0.36, p < 0.001, 95 % CI 0.23-0.56) and serious complication rates (OR 0.66, p < 0.001, 95 % CI 0.55-0.80). However, there was no statistical difference with respect to the 30-day reoperation (OR 0.81, p = 0.28, 95 % CI 0.56-1.18) or mortality rates (OR 0.94, p = 0.80, 95 % CI 0.58-1.53). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with incarcerated abdominal hernias who underwent laparoscopic repair had a significantly lower 30-day morbidity compared to patients with open repair. Although the 30-day reoperation and mortality rates were also lower, there was no statistically significant difference. Laparoscopic surgery appears to be safe in the management of select incarcerated abdominal hernias.

Prophylactic PPI help reduce marginal ulcers after gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: Marginal ulceration after gastric bypass surgery is a recognized complication and has been reported in 1-16% of patients. There is evidence that acidity may play a role in the disease pathophysiology and it is a common practice for bariatric surgeons to begin a prophylactic course of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), postoperatively. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched using the most comprehensive timeline for each database up to January 2012. Studies that included patients undergoing gastric bypass who received a prophylactic course of PPI postoperatively were eligible. Two reviewers independently selected trials and extracted data. The primary outcome was the incidence of marginal ulcers diagnosed on the basis of endoscopic findings. Inverse variance random effects models were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and weighted proportion of ulcers. Odds ratio and weighted pooled proportion with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. RESULTS: The strategic search identified 167 citations. A total of seven studies involving 2,917 participants were eligible for inclusion and 2,114 were used for analysis. The weighted pooled proportion of ulcer formation in PPI groups including all seven studies (four single group cohort studies and PPI arm of three cohort studies) was 5.0% [95% CI 2-10%] (N = 1,407). The OR of marginal ulcer formation comparing PPI to no PPI for three comparative cohort studies was 0.50 [95% CI 0.28-0.90, p = 0.02] (N = 1,022) with low heterogeneity (I(2) = 12%) showing that the PPI group significantly experienced twice less ulceration with PPI treatment compared to no PPI treatment. CONCLUSION: This finding suggests a significant incremental benefit of prophylactic PPI in reducing marginal ulcer after gastric bypass surgery. Prospective randomized trials are needed to further define the role of PPI following gastric bypass surgery.

An evaluation of intraoperative digital specimen mammography versus conventional specimen radiography for the excision of nonpalpable breast lesions.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the impact of intraoperative digital specimen mammography (IDSM) compared with conventional specimen radiography (CSR) for nonpalpable breast lesions in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS). METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, 201 consecutive image-detected nonpalpable breast lesions underwent BCS after preoperative localization and specimen radiography. Data on patient, tumor, and surgical factors were collected. RESULTS: CSR was performed in 105 patients and IDSM was used in 96 patients. Patient and tumor factors were similar in both groups. Using univariate analysis, CSR resulted in more positive margins (19% vs 6.2%; P = .012). Rates of cavity margin resection, reoperation, and operative times were similar for CSR and IDSM. Independent predictors of positive margins on multivariable analysis were use of CSR, microcalcifications on mammography, the need for bracketing for localization, and no cavity margin excision (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the use of IDSM resulted in fewer positive margins after BCS, although operative times were similar.

Practical three color live cell imaging by widefield microscopy.

Live cell fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent protein tags derived from jellyfish and coral species has been a successful tool to image proteins and dynamics in many species. Multi-colored aequorea fluorescent protein (AFP) derivatives allow investigators to observe multiple proteins simultaneously, but overlapping spectral properties sometimes require the use of sophisticated and expensive microscopes. Here, we show that the aequorea coerulescens fluorescent protein derivative, PS-CFP2 has excellent practical properties as a blue fluorophore that are distinct from green or red fluorescent proteins and can be imaged with standard filter sets on a widefield microscope. We also find that by widefield illumination in live cells, that PS-CFP2 is very photostable. When fused to proteins that form concentrated puncta in either the cytoplasm or nucleus, PSCFP2 fusions do not artifactually interact with other AFP fusion proteins, even at very high levels of over-expression. PSCFP2 is therefore a good blue fluorophore for distinct three color imaging along with eGFP and mRFP using a relatively simple and inexpensive microscope.