Cannabidiol (CBD) and hemp oil use in veterans using a VA Pain Clinic: a cross-sectional survey study.

BACKGROUND: Many United States veterans utilize prescription opioids to treat chronic pain symptoms and are subsequently at risk for opioid and alcohol misuse. As more states legalized the use of cannabis for medical use, increasing numbers of people are using cannabis pharmacotherapy for pain. The veterans Health Administration (VHA) Directive 1315, July 28, 2023 prohibits any medical staff on recommending, making referral to, and complete forms for a state approved program. Also, a veterans medical center does not provide marijuana to veterans. State laws do not change the status of CBD under federal law. CBD is illegal in the federal system. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of cannabidiol product usage in Veterans and the association with changes in self-reported pain. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive survey offering questionnaires to patients greater than 18 years of age receiving care at the Fargo Veteran Health Administration medical center Pain Clinic (2101 Elm St N, Fargo ND, 58102). RESULTS: A total of 218 veterans participated of which 81.2% were male and 52.3% were in the age range of 60-80 years. Twenty-one participants reported cannabidiol usage (9.6%), with 52.4% using to treat pain symptoms. Average pain scores pre-usage of 6.37 were reduced to 4.05 post-usage indicating a statistically significant reduction in pain (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study broadened the baseline knowledge of cannabidiol use in the Veteran population. Limitations include results being self-reported and the inability to verify cannabinoid constituents.

Asking the "Right" Questions about Financial Hardship: Using Cognitive Interviews with Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer and Their Caregivers to Inform Measure Development.

Purpose: Financial hardship as a result of cancer treatment can have a significant and lasting negative impact on adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and their families. To address a lack of developmentally informed and psychometrically sound measures of financial hardship for AYAs and their caregivers, we used rigorous measurement development methods recommended by the National Institutes of Health's Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) to determine comprehensibility and relevance of measure content. Methods: Our multi-step approach involved item identification, refinement, and generation; translatability and reading level review; and cognitive interviews. A purposive sample of 25 AYAs and 10 caregivers participated, ensuring representation across age, education, gender, race/ethnicity, and cancer type. Results: Fifty patient-reported and caregiver-reported items were developed across material, psychosocial, and behavioral subdomains of financial hardship. Translatability and reading level reviews resulted in 22 patient-reported and 25 caregiver-reported items being rewritten. Eighty-eight percent of patients and all caregivers described the items as easy to answer. Younger AYAs (15 to 25 years of age) were more likely to say the items were less relevant for them. Forty-six patient-reported and 48 caregiver-reported items were recommended for further testing. Conclusion: This study is the first to use in-depth qualitative methods to center AYA patient and caregiver experiences in the creation of new measures of financial hardship. Data support the comprehensibility and content validity of these preliminary item banks. Future large-scale, quantitative testing will lead to additional refinements and support the use of short forms and computer-adaptive testing for a diverse sample of AYAs and their caregivers.

Increasing Follow-Up Appointment Completion Rates in Transitions of Care.

PURPOSE OF STUDY: Noncompletion of follow-up appointment requests is an ongoing problem due to competing staff responsibilities, technology challenges, and inadequate communication during hospital transitions to post-acute care. From 1 January 2019 to 31 March 2019, 58% of follow-up appointments requested by an acute care hospital on discharge were not ordered after transition of care to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) and 44% of SNF residents were readmitted to acute care within 30 days. The follow-up appointment completion rate was 42%. Barriers associated with poor attendance of follow-up appointments were not documented. The purpose of the study is to implement a follow-up appointment completion protocol to increase follow-up appointment completion rates and identify barriers to decrease hospital readmission rates with the use of a computerized clinical information system. PRIMARY PRACTICE SETTING: A 232-bed for-profit, corporate-owned SNF in the west suburb of Chicago that offers a variety of services in addition to skilled nursing care including short-term rehabilitation, physical therapy, and long-term care. METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLE: An attendance log was utilized to evaluate stakeholder agreement and completion of staff training. Data were collected electronically via a password-protected Microsoft Excel spreadsheet by the project director to evaluate the completion of orders placed for follow-up appointments and chart audits were completed. A quantitative data analysis was completed to obtain the percentage of the number of key stakeholders in agreement of interventions, staff attendance to training sessions, and residents whose orders for follow-up appointments were entered into PointClickCare (PCC). To evaluate the barriers identified, completion of follow-up appointments, hospital readmission rates, and chart audits were completed throughout the project implementation and data were collected electronically via a password-protected Microsoft Excel spreadsheet by the project director. Post implementation data were collected biweekly for 1 month, and then again for 1, 2, and 3 months throughout the project implementation. A quantitative data analysis was completed to obtain the percentage of barriers identified, completion of follow-up appointments, and hospital readmission rates. RESULTS: 81% of admitted residents to the short-term care stay unit had orders for follow-up appointments. The follow-up appointment completion rate increased to 46% and the readmission rate decreased by 20%. Barriers were identified as non-scheduled appointments and resident refusal. IMPLICATIONS FOR CASE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: Implementing a follow-up appointment protocol can significantly enhance the quality of patient care and operational efficiency. Regular follow-up appointments allow health care professionals to assess progress, manage medications, detect complications early, and provide necessary guidance and interventions for optimal outcomes. A follow-up appointment protocol can help streamline transitions between levels of care, ensuring patients receive timely and appropriate services.

Mapping the Geographical Distribution of the Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiome in GI-Symptomatic Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and communication impairments. In the last few years, it has been proposed that alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute to an aberrant communication between the gut and brain in children with ASD. Consistent with this notion, several studies have demonstrated that children with ASD have an altered fecal microbiota compared to typically developing (TD) children. However, it is unclear where along the length of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract these alterations in microbial communities occur. Additionally, the variation between specific mucosa-associated communities remains unknown. To address this gap in knowledge of the microbiome associated with ASD, biopsies from the antrum, duodenum, ileum, ascending colon, and rectum of children with ASD and age- and sex-matched TD children were examined by 16s rRNA sequencing. We observed an overall elevated abundance of Bacillota and Bacteroidota and decreased abundance of Pseudomonadota in all GI tract regions of both male and female ASD children compared to TD children. Further analysis at the genera level revealed unique differences in the microbiome in the different regions of the GI tract in ASD children compared to TD children. We also observed sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota composition in children with ASD. These data indicate that the microbiota of ASD children is altered at multiple regions of the GI tract and that different anatomic locations have unique alterations in mucosa-associated bacterial genera.

Setting the Agenda for Patient-Centered Research in Infant and Young-Child Feeding: Results from the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine and Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere.

Background: Breastfeeding is critically important for optimal health of both birthing people and their infants. Shared, patient-centered goals of how health care team members, community groups, and families can help facilitate breastfeeding success are needed, as are ways to define and measure what breastfeeding success looks like from the patient's perspective. Methods: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine and Reaching Our Sisters Everywhere's collaborated in a multi-methods approach to identify breastfeeding priorities most important to parents. Results: We identified (1) Key components of a successful breastfeeding journey defined by parents and families, (2) Research priorities that will enable families to achieve breastfeeding. Conclusion: Dissemination of these findings can foster research efforts that are codesigned with birthing parents and families and reflect their priorities.

Differentiation, adaptation, and perseverance: Maturing conceptualizations of education-focused science faculty in the United States.

Science education reform has been underway for almost a century with the general aim to engage students and train scientists needed to find solutions to global challenges, and also ensure a general public well disposed towards science. In an effort to aid science reform, more recently, colleges and universities have been augmenting their academic workforce by embedding education-focused science faculty into science departments. However, little research has investigated how this approach, and the identity of these faculty, may be changing over time. Here we investigate how conceptualizations of professional identities of these faculty across the United States have changed over the last two decades. We found three professional identities amongst these faculty: Science Faculty with Education Specialties (SFES), Discipline-Based Education Researchers (DBER), and faculty who identify as both SFES and DBER. Evidence indicates this is a maturing field within higher-education science departments, with more direct hiring and training pathways, but with potentially diminishing agency. Finally, data reveal resilience and perseverance despite negative biases from peers and college administrators, especially at PhD-granting institutions.

Self-Care in Nursing Education.

BACKGROUND: The mental health of students and faculty has become a growing issue in academia. Faculty need to provide role-modeling early in nursing programs to enhance psychological well-being for future nurses that will have lasting effects throughout their careers. METHOD: A total of 29 faculty members participated in a descriptive study investigating types of self-care goals and how they could be achieved by College of Nursing faculty during their annual performance appraisal. RESULTS: Seventy-three percent of respondents reported they anticipated that achieving these self-care goals would enhance their faculty role. Further, the respondents associated achievement of self-care goals as a way to improve their faculty performance. CONCLUSION: Since every individual has a unique perspective of the world, a self-care approach that works for one person might not work for another. Self-care goals should therefore be tailored to the unique needs and perspectives of each person. [J Nurs Educ. 2024;63(6):394-398.].

Prevalence and Survival of Prolonged Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry.

OBJECTIVES: To examine trends in utilization and outcomes among patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring prolonged venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) support. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Adult patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry. PATIENTS: Thirteen thousand six hundred eighty-one patients that required ECMO for the support of ARDS between January 2012 and December 2022. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mortality while supported with VV ECMO and survival to hospital discharge based on ECMO duration were examined utilizing multivariable logistic regression. Among the 13,681 patients supported with VV ECMO, 4,040 (29.5%) were supported for greater than or equal to 21 days and 975 (7.1%) for greater than or equal to 50 days. Patients supported with prolonged VV ECMO were less likely to be discharged alive from the hospital compared with those with short duration of support (46.5% vs. 59.7%; p < 0.001). However, among patients supported with VV ECMO greater than or equal to 21 days, duration of extracorporeal life support was not significantly associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.01; p = 0.87 and adjusted OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02; p = 0.48). Even in those supported with VV ECMO for at least 120 days (n = 113), 52 (46.0%) of these patients were ultimately discharged alive from the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged VV ECMO support of ARDS has increased and accounts for a substantial portion of cases. Among patients that survive for greater than or equal to 21 days while receiving VV ECMO support, duration is not predictive of survival to hospital discharge and clinical recovery may occur even after very prolonged VV ECMO support.

Correlation Between H-Index, M-Index, and Academic Rank in Urology.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the h- and m-indices of academic urologists across all U.S. accredited urology residency programs to determine the relationship between these metrics and an author's academic rank, academic degrees, and gender. METHODS: A total of 136 urology residency programs with available faculty information on their websites were evaluated. The academic rank, academic degrees, and gender were recorded for each clinical and research faculty member. Each author's h-index was determined using the Scopus database. The m-indices for each author were then calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that the h- and m-indices positively correlate with an author's academic rank. Among the 2253 academic urologists evaluated, chairs/chiefs and professors had the highest median h- and m-indices (h-index 26, m-index 1.046 for chairs/chiefs; h-index 30, m-index 1.094 for professors). This was followed by associate professors (h-index 14, m-index 0.750), assistant professors (h-index 6, m-index 0.667), and clinical instructors (h-index 6, m-index 0.511). The median h- and m-indices were overall statistically higher for males than females. Faculty members with only a PhD were found to have the highest h- and m-indices followed by MD PhD, MD MBA, MD MPH, MD only, and DO only in descending order of index value. CONCLUSION: The h- and m-indices of academic urologists positively correlate with their academic rank. These metrics may serve as an additional tool in measuring an individual's academic productivity in consideration of job hirings, positional promotions, societal memberships, achievement awards, research grants, and more.

Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners experiencing therapeutic alliance while using tele-mental health: A phenomenological study.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners have rapidly adopted and implemented tele-mental health in their practice; however it is unclear how this modality of care affects the experiential quality of therapeutic alliance, simply defined as the interpersonal working bond between provider and patient. OBJECTIVE: This study is the first to explore how psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners experience therapeutic alliance while using tele-mental health. DESIGN: Husserlian phenomenological qualitative study. PARTICIPANTS: A purposive, convenience sample of 17 American psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners who engaged in tele-mental health care were recruited online and interviewed. METHODS: Phenomenological interview transcripts recorded and later thematically coded in the qualitative software MaxQDA. RESULTS: From 1426 individual codes, five major themes and 16 subthemes were discovered. Overall, themes illuminated that psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners could build therapeutic alliance over tele-mental health using inherent interpersonal skills that had to be adapted to the technology. Adaptions included working with patient environmental factors, individual patient considerations, provider ambivalence, and technological observation shifting awareness and communication patterns. CONCLUSIONS: When adapting for the tele-mental health environment, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners experienced building and sustaining therapeutic alliance with most patients. Unparalleled aspects of tele-mental health allowed for a fuller clinical picture and logistical convenience to see patients more often with ease for both the provider and patient. However, experiential aspects of therapeutic alliance created during in-person care could not be replaced with tele-mental health. In conclusion, participants concluded that a hybrid care model would enhance therapeutic alliance for most patients.

Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra versus mycobacterial growth indicator tube liquid culture for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in symptomatic adults: a diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Ultra) is an automated molecular test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. We compared the sensitivity of Ultra to that of mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid culture, considered the most sensitive assay in routine clinical use. METHODS: In this prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study, we used a non-inferiority design to assess whether the sensitivity of a single Ultra test was non-inferior to that of a single liquid culture for detection of M tuberculosis in sputum. We enrolled adults (age ≥18 years) with pulmonary tuberculosis symptoms in 11 countries and each adult provided three sputum specimens with a minimum volume of 2 mL over 2 days. Ultra was done directly on sputum 1, and Ultra and MGIT liquid culture were done on resuspended pellet from sputum 2. Results of MGIT and solid media cultures done on sputum 3 were considered the reference standard. The pre-defined non-inferiority margin was 5·0%. FINDINGS: Between Feb 18, 2016, and Dec 4, 2019, we enrolled 2906 participants. 2600 (89%) participants were analysed, including 639 (25%) of 2600 who were positive for tuberculosis by the reference standard. Of the 2357 included in the non-inferiority analysis, 877 (37%) were HIV-positive and 984 (42%) were female. Sensitivity of Ultra performed directly on sputum 1 was non-inferior to that of sputum 2 MGIT culture (MGIT 91·1% vs Ultra 91·9%; difference -0·8 percentage points; 95% CI -2·8 to 1·1). Sensitivity of Ultra performed on sputum 2 pellet was also non-inferior to that of sputum 2 MGIT (MGIT 91·1% vs Ultra 91·9%; difference -0·8 percentage points; -2·7 to 1·0). INTERPRETATION: For the detection of M tuberculosis in sputum from adults with respiratory symptoms, there was no difference in sensitivity of a single Ultra test to that of a single MGIT culture. Highly sensitive, rapid molecular approaches for M tuberculosis detection, combined with advances in genotypic methods for drug resistance detection, have potential to replace culture. FUNDING: US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Managers' Micro-Communities Matter: The Impact of Clinical Supervision Team on Therapist Perception of the Organization.

Positive organizational climate - employee perceptions of their work environment and the impact of this environment on well-being and functioning - is associated with desirable organizational and client-level outcomes in mental health organizations. Clinical supervisors are well-positioned to impact organizational climate, as they serve as intermediaries between higher-level administrators who drive the policies and procedures and the therapists impacted by such decisions. This cross-sectional study examined the role of clinical supervisors as drivers of therapist perceptions of organizational climate within supervisory teams. Specifically, the present study investigated: (1) shared perceptions of organizational climate among therapists on the same supervisory team; (2) predictors of therapist climate perceptions. Eighty-six therapists were supervised by 22 supervisors. Indices of interrater agreement and interrater reliability of therapists on the same supervisory team were examined to determine shared or distinct perceptions of organizational climate. Multi-level models were used to examine whether supervisor attitudes towards evidence-based practices and therapist perceptions of supervisor communication predicted perceived organizational climate. Results showed perceptions of organizational cohesion and autonomy were shared among therapists on the same supervisory team and distinct from therapists on different supervisory teams. Therapist perceptions of their supervisor's communication was positively associated with perceptions of organizational cohesion and autonomy. These findings align with emerging evidence that middle managers shape their employees' experience of their work environment through communication strategies. These findings also point to the potential for intervening at lower organizational levels to improve overall organizational climate.

Glycerol Trinitrate Acts Downstream of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Trigeminal Nociception-Evidence from Rodent Experiments with Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and nitric oxide (NO) have been recognized as important mediators in migraine but their mechanisms of action and interaction have not been fully elucidated. Monoclonal anti-CGRP antibodies like fremanezumab are successful preventives of frequent migraine and can be used to study CGRP actions in preclinical experiments. Fremanezumab (30 mg/kg) or an isotype control monoclonal antibody was subcutaneously injected to Wistar rats of both sexes. One to several days later, glyceroltrinitrate (GTN, 5 mg/kg) mimicking nitric oxide (NO) was intraperitoneally injected, either once or for three consecutive days. The trigeminal ganglia were removed to determine the concentration of CGRP using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In one series of experiments, the animals were trained to reach an attractive sugar solution, the access to which could be limited by mechanical or thermal barriers. Using a semi-automated registration system, the frequency of approaches to the source, the residence time at the source, and the consumed solution were registered. The results were compared with previous data of rats not treated with GTN. The CGRP concentration in the trigeminal ganglia was generally higher in male rats and tended to be increased in animals treated once with GTN, whereas the CGRP concentration decreased after repetitive GTN treatment. No significant difference in CGRP concentration was observed between animals having received fremanezumab or the control antibody. Animals treated with GTN generally spent less time at the source and consumed less sugar solution. Without barriers, there was no significant difference between animals having received fremanezumab or the control antibody. Under mechanical barrier conditions, all behavioral parameters tended to be reduced but animals that had received fremanezumab tended to be more active, partly compensating for the depressive effect of GTN. In conclusion, GTN treatment seems to increase the production of CGRP in the trigeminal ganglion independently of the antibodies applied, but repetitive GTN administration may deplete CGRP stores. GTN treatment generally tends to suppress the animals' activity and increase facial sensitivity, which is partly compensated by fremanezumab through reduced CGRP signaling. If CGRP and NO signaling share the same pathway in sensitizing trigeminal afferents, GTN and NO may act downstream of CGRP to increase facial sensitivity.

Utility and usability of a wearable system and progressive-challenge cued exercise program for encouraging use of the more involved arm at-home after stroke-a feasibility study with case reports.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the role of adherence to home exercise programs for survivors of stroke is critical to ensure patients perform prescribed exercises and maximize effectiveness of recovery. METHODS: Survivors of hemiparetic stroke with impaired motor function were recruited into a 7-day study designed to test the utility and usability of a low-cost wearable system and progressive-challenge cued exercise program for encouraging graded-challenge exercise at-home. The wearable system comprised two wrist-worn MetaMotionR+ activity monitors and a custom smartphone app. The progressive-challenge cued exercise program included high-intensity activities (one repetition every 30 s) dosed at 1.5 h per day, embedded within 8 h of passive activity monitoring per day. Utility was assessed using measures of system uptime and cue response rate. Usability and user experience were assessed using well-validated quantitative surveys of system usability and user experience. Self-efficacy was assessed at the end of each day on a visual analog scale that ranged from 0 to 100. RESULTS: The system and exercise program had objective utility: system uptime was 92 ± 6.9% of intended hours and the rate of successful cue delivery was 99 ± 2.7%. The system and program also were effective in motivating cued exercise: activity was detected within 5-s of the cue 98 ± 3.1% of the time. As shown via two case studies, accelerometry data can accurately reflect graded-challenge exercise instructions and reveal differentiable activity levels across exercise stages. User experience surveys indicated positive overall usability in the home settings, strong levels of personal motivation to use the system, and high degrees of satisfaction with the devices and provided training. Self-efficacy assessments indicated a strong perception of proficiency across participants (95 ± 5.0). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a low-cost wearable system providing frequent haptic cues to encourage graded-challenge exercise after stroke can have utility and can provide an overall positive user experience in home settings. The study also demonstrates how combining a graded exercise program with all-day activity monitoring can provide insight into the potential for wearable systems to assess adherence to-and effectiveness of-home-based exercise programs on an individualized basis.

The mediating role of health behaviors in the association between depression, anxiety and cancer incidence: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although behavioral mechanisms in the association among depression, anxiety, and cancer are plausible, few studies have empirically studied mediation by health behaviors. We aimed to examine the mediating role of several health behaviors in the associations among depression, anxiety, and the incidence of various cancer types (overall, breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, smoking-related, and alcohol-related cancers). METHODS: Two-stage individual participant data meta-analyses were performed based on 18 cohorts within the Psychosocial Factors and Cancer Incidence consortium that had a measure of depression or anxiety (N = 319 613, cancer incidence = 25 803). Health behaviors included smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), sedentary behavior, and sleep duration and quality. In stage one, path-specific regression estimates were obtained in each cohort. In stage two, cohort-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects multivariate meta-analysis, and natural indirect effects (i.e. mediating effects) were calculated as hazard ratios (HRs). RESULTS: Smoking (HRs range 1.04-1.10) and physical inactivity (HRs range 1.01-1.02) significantly mediated the associations among depression, anxiety, and lung cancer. Smoking was also a mediator for smoking-related cancers (HRs range 1.03-1.06). There was mediation by health behaviors, especially smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol use, and a higher BMI, in the associations among depression, anxiety, and overall cancer or other types of cancer, but effects were small (HRs generally below 1.01). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking constitutes a mediating pathway linking depression and anxiety to lung cancer and smoking-related cancers. Our findings underline the importance of smoking cessation interventions for persons with depression or anxiety.

TATA-binding associated factors have distinct roles during early mammalian development.

Early embryonic development is a finely orchestrated process that requires precise regulation of gene expression coordinated with morphogenetic events. TATA-box binding protein-associated factors (TAFs), integral components of transcription initiation coactivators like TFIID and SAGA, play a crucial role in this intricate process. Here we show that disruptions in TAF5, TAF12 and TAF13 individually lead to embryonic lethality in the mouse, resulting in overlapping yet distinct phenotypes. Taf5 and Taf12 mutant embryos exhibited a failure to implant post-blastocyst formation, and Taf5 mutants have aberrant lineage specification within the inner cell mass. In contrast, Taf13 mutant embryos successfully implant and form egg-cylinder stages but fail to initiate gastrulation. Strikingly, we observed a depletion of pluripotency factors in TAF13-deficient embryos, including OCT4, NANOG and SOX2, highlighting an indispensable role of TAF13 in maintaining pluripotency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct gene targets affected by the loss of TAF5, TAF12 and TAF13. Thus, we propose that TAF5, TAF12 and TAF13 convey locus specificity to the TFIID complex throughout the mouse genome.

Momentary physiological indices related to eating disorders: A systematic and methodological review.

Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric illnesses, with no everyday support to intervene on the high rates of relapse. Understanding physiological indices that can be measured by wearable sensor technologies may provide new momentary interventions for individuals with ED. This systematic review, searching large databases, synthesises studies investigating peripheral physiological (PP) indices commonly included in wearable wristbands (heart rate [HR], heart rate variability [HRV], electrodermal activity [EDA], peripheral skin temperature [PST], and acceleration) in ED. Inclusion criteria included: (a) full peer-reviewed empirical articles in English; (b) human participants with active ED; and (c) containing one of five wearable physiological measures. Kmet risk of bias was assessed. Ninety-four studies were included (Anorexia nervosa [AN; N = 4418], bulimia nervosa [BN; N = 916], binge eating disorder [BED; N = 1604], other specified feeding and eating disorders [OSFED; N = 424], and transdiagnostic [N = 47]). Participants with AN displayed lower HR and EDA and higher HRV compared to healthy individuals. Those with BN showed higher HRV, and lower EDA and PST compared to healthy individuals. Other ED and Transdiagnostic samples showed mixed results. PP differences are indicated through various assessments in ED, which may suggest diagnostic associations, although more studies are needed to validate observed patterns. Results suggest important therapeutic potential for PP in ED, and larger studies including diverse participants and diagnostic groups are needed to fully uncover their role in ED.