ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Resilience is a subjective process related to both protective and risk factors, external and internal to the individual. Considering the psychosocial differences between young-onset dementia (YOD) and late-onset dementia (LOD) groups, carers' resilience may not be understood in the same way in both groups. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the resilience of carers in YOD and LOD and to examine which factors might be associated with resilience in both groups of carers. Methods: The study was conducted with 120 people with dementia (49 YOD) and their primary carers. The carers had their resilience, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and burden assessed and answered the sociodemographic questionnaire. We assessed care recipients' global cognition, dementia severity, social cognition, facial expression recognition, awareness of disease, the ability to perform activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. For data analysis, unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test and linear regressions were conducted. Results: Resilience did not differ between groups (p=0.865). Resilience was inversely related to carers' depressive symptoms in both YOD (p=0.028) and LOD (p=0.005) groups. The carers' schooling (p=0.005), duration of disease (p=0.019), and depressive symptoms of care recipient (p<0.001) were related to carers' resilience only in LOD group. Conclusions: The context of care, clinical status of the care recipient, and mental health resources affected the carers' resilience in the LOD group. Conversely, resilience seems to be affected only by carers' mental health in the YOD group. The understanding of these differences is crucial for the developing of intervention strategies.
RESUMO A resiliência é um processo subjetivo relacionado a fatores de proteção e risco, externos e internos ao indivíduo. Considerando as diferenças psicossociais entre demência de início precoce (DIP) e demência de início tardio (DIT), a resiliência dos cuidadores pode não ser entendida da mesma maneira em ambos os grupos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a resiliência de cuidadores de DIP e DIT e examinar quais fatores poderiam estar associados à resiliência em ambos os grupos de cuidadores. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 120 pacientes com demência (49 DIP) e seus cuidadores primários. Os cuidadores tiveram sua resiliência, qualidade de vida, sintomas depressivos e sobrecarga avaliados e responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico. Avaliou-se a cognição global, a severidade da demência, a cognição social, o reconhecimento da expressão facial, a consciência da doença, a funcionalidade em atividades de vida diária, e os sintomas depressivos e neuropsiquiátricos dos pacientes. Para a análise dos dados, foram realizados teste t de Student bicaudal não pareado e regressões lineares. Resultados: Não houve diferença na resiliência entre os grupos (p=0,865). A resiliência foi inversamente relacionada com sintomas depressivos dos cuidadores em DIP (p=0,028) e DIT (p=0,005). A escolaridade do cuidador (p=0,005), tempo de doença (p=0,019) e sintomas depressivos dos pacientes (p<0,001) foram relacionados à resiliência apenas no grupo DIT. Conclusões: O contexto do cuidado, o estado clínico do paciente e os recursos de saúde mental afetaram a resiliência do cuidador no grupo DIT. Em contrapartida, a resiliência parece ser afetada apenas pela saúde mental do cuidador em DIP. O entendimento dessas diferenças é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção.
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
Resilience is a subjective process related to both protective and risk factors, external and internal to the individual. Considering the psychosocial differences between young-onset dementia (YOD) and late-onset dementia (LOD) groups, carers' resilience may not be understood in the same way in both groups. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the resilience of carers in YOD and LOD and to examine which factors might be associated with resilience in both groups of carers. Methods: The study was conducted with 120 people with dementia (49 YOD) and their primary carers. The carers had their resilience, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and burden assessed and answered the sociodemographic questionnaire. We assessed care recipients' global cognition, dementia severity, social cognition, facial expression recognition, awareness of disease, the ability to perform activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. For data analysis, unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test and linear regressions were conducted. Results: Resilience did not differ between groups (p=0.865). Resilience was inversely related to carers' depressive symptoms in both YOD (p=0.028) and LOD (p=0.005) groups. The carers' schooling (p=0.005), duration of disease (p=0.019), and depressive symptoms of care recipient (p<0.001) were related to carers' resilience only in LOD group. Conclusions: The context of care, clinical status of the care recipient, and mental health resources affected the carers' resilience in the LOD group. Conversely, resilience seems to be affected only by carers' mental health in the YOD group. The understanding of these differences is crucial for the developing of intervention strategies.
A resiliência é um processo subjetivo relacionado a fatores de proteção e risco, externos e internos ao indivíduo. Considerando as diferenças psicossociais entre demência de início precoce (DIP) e demência de início tardio (DIT), a resiliência dos cuidadores pode não ser entendida da mesma maneira em ambos os grupos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a resiliência de cuidadores de DIP e DIT e examinar quais fatores poderiam estar associados à resiliência em ambos os grupos de cuidadores. Métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 120 pacientes com demência (49 DIP) e seus cuidadores primários. Os cuidadores tiveram sua resiliência, qualidade de vida, sintomas depressivos e sobrecarga avaliados e responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico. Avaliou-se a cognição global, a severidade da demência, a cognição social, o reconhecimento da expressão facial, a consciência da doença, a funcionalidade em atividades de vida diária, e os sintomas depressivos e neuropsiquiátricos dos pacientes. Para a análise dos dados, foram realizados teste t de Student bicaudal não pareado e regressões lineares. Resultados: Não houve diferença na resiliência entre os grupos (p=0,865). A resiliência foi inversamente relacionada com sintomas depressivos dos cuidadores em DIP (p=0,028) e DIT (p=0,005). A escolaridade do cuidador (p=0,005), tempo de doença (p=0,019) e sintomas depressivos dos pacientes (p<0,001) foram relacionados à resiliência apenas no grupo DIT. Conclusões: O contexto do cuidado, o estado clínico do paciente e os recursos de saúde mental afetaram a resiliência do cuidador no grupo DIT. Em contrapartida, a resiliência parece ser afetada apenas pela saúde mental do cuidador em DIP. O entendimento dessas diferenças é crucial para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de intervenção.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To investigate the resilience of caregivers of people with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (PwAD) and the related sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Methods: Cross-sectional assessment of dyads of PwAD and family caregivers (N = 106). Caregivers were assessed for resilience, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, quality of life, burden and cognition. PwAD were assessed for severity of dementia, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, functionality, quality of life and awareness of disease.Results: Most of the caregivers (51.1%) reported emotional problems (symptoms of anxiety, stress and depression). In both mild (p < 0.05) and moderate (p < 0.05) PwAD groups, resilience was inversely related to self-reported emotional problems. There was not a significant difference between caregivers of mild and moderate PwAD resilience (p < 0.05). Upon analyzing the factors related to resilience, we found some differences between the groups of caregivers of mild and moderate PwAD. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of PwAD (p < 0.05) and caregiver's depressive symptoms (p < 0.05) were related to resilience of caregivers of mild PwAD. In the moderate group, caregivers' higher levels of quality of life (p < 0.05) and co-residing with PwAD (p < 0.05) were related to resilience.Conclusion: Caregivers' resilience is driven by different factors according to disease severity. The findings suggest that resilience allows caregivers to manage and respond positively to stressful demands of care.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Alzheimer Disease/nursing , Caregivers/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Stress, Psychological , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Self Report , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Resilience is the capacity for successful adaptation when faced with the stress of adversity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers' resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical factors of people with dementia. Cross-sectional assessment of 58 people with dementia and their caregiver dyads showed that most caregivers were female adult children. The caregivers reported moderate to higher levels of resilience, lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and moderate levels of burden. Resilience was not related to the caregiver's gender (p = 0.883), nor clinical (p = 0.807) or emotional problems (p = 0.420). The regression showed that resilience was related to the caregiver's quality of life (p < 0.01) and inversely associated with their depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between caregivers' resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with dementia. We can assume that resilience is an individual characteristic. Support groups should also focus on the factors that may increase resilience among caregivers.
Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Dementia/nursing , Resilience, Psychological , Adaptation, Psychological , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anxiety/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dementia/psychology , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Quality of Life , Regression Analysis , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Resilience is the capacity for successful adaptation when faced with the stress of adversity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between caregivers’ resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical factors of people with dementia. Cross-sectional assessment of 58 people with dementia and their caregiver dyads showed that most caregivers were female adult children. The caregivers reported moderate to higher levels of resilience, lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and moderate levels of burden. Resilience was not related to the caregiver’s gender (p = 0.883), nor clinical (p = 0.807) or emotional problems (p = 0.420). The regression showed that resilience was related to the caregiver’s quality of life (p < 0.01) and inversely associated with their depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). There was no relationship between caregivers’ resilience and the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with dementia. We can assume that resilience is an individual characteristic. Support groups should also focus on the factors that may increase resilience among caregivers.
RESUMO Resiliência é a capacidade de adaptação bem-sucedida, quando confrontado com o estresse da adversidade. Nosso objetivo foi investigar a relação entre a resiliência dos cuidadores e fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos de pessoas com demência. A avaliação transversal de 58 pessoas com demência e suas duplas de cuidadores, mostrou que a maioria dos cuidadores eram do sexo feminino e filhas adultas. Os cuidadores relataram níveis moderados a altos de resiliência, níveis mais baixos de ansiedade e sintomas depressivos e níveis moderados de sobrecarga. Resiliência não estava relacionada ao gênero (p = 0.883) e problemas clínicos (p = 0.807) e emocionais (p = 0.420) dos cuidadores. A regressão mostrou que a resiliência foi relacionada à qualidade de vida (p < 0,01) dos cuidadores e inversamente associada com os sintomas depressivos (p < 0,01). Não havia uma relação significativa entre a resiliência dos cuidadores e as características sociodemográficos e clínicas das pessoas com demência. Podemos supor que a resiliência é uma característica individual. Os grupos de apoio devem enfatizar os fatores que podem aumentar a resiliência entre os cuidadores.
