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1.
J Nephrol ; 37(1): 171-179, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37608241

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, a non-absorbed non-polymer zirconium silicate, is a new potassium binder for hyperkalemia. A previous report showed that administering sodium zirconium cyclosilicate to patients with hyperkalemia allows a higher continuation rate of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. However, no studies have compared sodium zirconium cyclosilicate with existing potassium binders for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor continuity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor /angiotensin receptor blocker continuation in patients with hyperkalemia compared to that of calcium polystyrene sulfonate. METHODS: Patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers who were newly prescribed sodium zirconium cyclosilicate or calcium polystyrene sulfonate to treat hyperkalemia at a tertiary referral hospital between August 2020 and April 2022 were enrolled in this single-center, retrospective observational study. The primary outcome measure was angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker prescription three months after initiating potassium binders. RESULTS: In total, 174 patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers who were newly administered sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (n = 62) or calcium polystyrene sulfonate (n = 112) were analyzed. The prescription rate of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors /angiotensin receptor blockers at 3 months was significantly higher in the sodium zirconium cyclosilicate group than in the calcium polystyrene sulfonate group (89 vs. 72%). Multivariate logistic regression models showed that sodium zirconium cyclosilicate was independently associated with the primary outcome (odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.05-7.43). The propensity score-matched comparison also showed a significant association between sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and the primary outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that administering sodium zirconium cyclosilicate to patients with hyperkalemia allows for a higher continuation rate of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers than calcium polystyrene sulfonate. These findings suggest that sodium zirconium cyclosilicate has potential benefits for patients with chronic kidney disease receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.


Subject(s)
Hyperkalemia , Polystyrenes , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Silicates , Humans , Hyperkalemia/diagnosis , Hyperkalemia/drug therapy , Renin-Angiotensin System , Potassium , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects , Polymers/pharmacology , Antihypertensive Agents , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/adverse effects
2.
J Plant Res ; 134(5): 1061-1081, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34279738

ABSTRACT

The major tissues of the cereal endosperm are the starchy endosperm (SE) in the inner and the aleurone layer (AL) at the outer periphery. The fates of the cells that comprise these tissues are determined according to positional information; however, our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. Here, we conducted a high-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of the rice endosperm transcriptome during early cellularization. In rice, endosperm cellularization proceeds in a concentric pattern from a primary alveolus cell layer, such that developmental progression can be defined by the number of cell layers. Using laser-capture microdissection to obtain precise tissue sections, transcriptomic changes were followed through five histologically defined stages of cellularization from the syncytial to 3-cell layer (3 L) stage. In addition, transcriptomes were compared between the inner and the outermost peripheral cell layers. Large differences in the transcriptomes between stages and between the inner and the peripheral cells were found. SE attributes were expressed at the alveolus-cell-layer stage but were preferentially activated in the inner cell layers that resulted from periclinal division of the alveolus cell layer. Similarly, AL attributes started to be expressed only after the 2 L stage and were localized to the outermost peripheral cell layer. These results indicate that the first periclinal division of the alveolus cell layer is asymmetric at the transcriptome level, and that the cell-fate-specifying positional cues and their perception system are already operating before the first periclinal division. Several genes related to epidermal identity (i.e., type IV homeodomain-leucine zipper genes and wax biosynthetic genes) were also found to be expressed at the syncytial stage, but their expression was localized to the outermost peripheral cell layer from the 2 L stage onward. We believe that our findings significantly enhance our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cell fate specification in rice endosperm.


Subject(s)
Endosperm , Oryza , Endosperm/genetics , Endosperm/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Oryza/genetics , Oryza/metabolism , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Seeds/metabolism , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Transcriptome
3.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 83(12): 2276-2279, 2019 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31469034

ABSTRACT

We introduce a rapid method for easily elucidating transcription factor (TF) cis-elements by adopting a highly efficient in vitro protein synthesis method and identifying protein-DNA interactions using PCR. We determined two cis-elements for plant TFs using this method, and the results confirmed our method as an easy and time-saving alternative for elucidating TF cis-elements using common laboratory procedures.


Subject(s)
Transcription Factors/metabolism , Binding Sites , Plant Proteins/metabolism
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