ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the results of evaluation of diagnostic value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antituberculosis antibodies with purpose to diagnose tuberculosis of lungs separately in groups of both HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. A moderate diagnostic value of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is established under screening for tuberculosis of lungs in HIV-negative patients. The evidence of reliability of results depended mainly of actual form of tuberculosis of lungs. In view of many positive results in detection of anti-tuberculosis antibodies in control group of patients with HIV-infection the data testified the low diagnostic significance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in group of patients with HIV-infection. The drawbacks of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique of diagnostic of tuberculosis of lungs in common group of HIV-infected patients partially compensated by possibility of its application at late stages of development of HIV-infection.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/isolation & purification , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/immunology , Antibodies/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV/isolation & purification , HIV/pathogenicity , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Tuberculosis/blood , Tuberculosis/complicationsABSTRACT
The clinical and hematological manifestations and functional state of the immune system were comparatively evaluated in patients with concomitant HIV/tuberculosis (TB) infection (n = 84) and in those with HIV infection without tuberculosis (n = 106). The course of concomitant HIV-TB infection was ascertained to differ from HIV monoinfection in a diversity of additional exposures that aggravated the patients' general condition. These included: the parameters of a long proceeding inflammatory process, which were accompanied by the signs of the infection-toxic syndrome, inflammatory changes in the hemogram, by a sharp stimulation of the nonspecific link of immunity. So the comparative analysis of the trend in HIV infection in combination with active tuberculosis and HIV monoinfection revealed a prompter progression of the disease in the former case.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/immunology , Immunity, Innate/immunology , Tuberculosis/immunology , Adult , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Prognosis , Tuberculosis/complicationsABSTRACT
Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to study the diagnostic value of PTAT circulating in the free and attached state as part of serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 34 patients with tuberculosis (TB), 38 with concomitant HIV/TB infection, and 92 with HIV infection without active tuberculosis. A humoral immunological response as circulating PTAT and PTAT conjugated in specific CIC depends on both the form and degree of pulmonary tuberculosis and may be employed to diagnose a disease running as both an independent entity and in the concomitant HIV/TB infection. The use of specific CIC yields additional information on the presence and circulation of mycobacterial antigenic components, which should be borne in mind at the early stages of the disease. EIA diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis from the significant titer of PTAT is relatively effective at the stages with infiltration and it ascertains destructive changes before their detection on X-ray and tomographic films.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Antibody Formation/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , HIV Antibodies/immunology , HIV Antigens/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology , Adult , Female , HIV/immunology , HIV Infections/complications , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of studying the time course of changes in tuberculosis antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immune blotting (IB) in 34 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In 76.5% of cases, EIA were established to reveal tuberculosis antibodies whose concentration is most pronounced in lung tissue destruction. The detection rate of specific antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) structural components by IB was 100%, which was 23.6% greater than that by EIA. The MBT structural components with a molecular weight of 11-20, 21-30, and 101-160 kDa were found to have high immunogenic properties, as suggested by the maximum levels of antibodies and by the marked antigenic proteins of proteins with a molecular weight of 11-20, 21-30, and 41-50 kDa, which showed itself as the generation of the maximum levels of circulating immune complexes with antigens of this specificity.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology , Antibody Formation/immunology , Antigens, Bacterial/immunology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology , Adult , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antigens, Bacterial/blood , Female , Humans , Immunoassay , Immunoblotting , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/bloodABSTRACT
AIM: To ascertain clinical and laboratory signs of immune disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their healthy blood relatives and healthy females without autoimmune disease family history. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Immune status was studied in 66 RA patients, their 56 female relatives of the first and 10 female relatives of the second degree of kinship, 63 healthy females without family history of autoimmune disorders. Immune response was assessed conventionally. RESULTS: 87.5% relatives of the first degree had symptoms of immune dysfunction (control--50.8%). Combinations of immunopathological syndromes were registered in 41.1% examinees of this group (control--17.5%). Autoimmune syndrome was most frequent (64.3%, control--19%). Infectious syndrome occurred in 51.8% relatives and 33.3% controls (the difference is significant). Despite immunosuppressive therapy, occurrence of infectious syndrome in RA (18.6%) was much lower than in controls. It was found that before RA onset 81.4% patients suffered from frequent long-term infections. RA onset reduced the infections frequency. Allergy was in 12.5, 19 and 6.2% of the relatives, controls and patients, respectively. The relatives demonstrated a significant decline of compliment activity close to such in patients. CONCLUSION: Immune disorders in blood relatives of women suffering from RA are more frequent and severe than in women without autoimmune disorders in family history. However, subclinical immunopathological symptoms in them did not realize in certain disease during the observation period. This may be explained by weaker congenital defects of immune system functioning or the existence of compensatory mechanisms suppressing development of pathological autoimmune processes.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Biomarkers/analysis , Family Health , Female , Humans , Infections/complications , Infections/diagnosis , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Xymedone produced therapeutic effect in patients with atopic bronchial asthma. The drug action was manifested by a decrease in the IgE level and an increase in gamma-interferon level. Adding xymedone to lymphocytes cultivated with phytohemagglutinin revealed stimulating action of this drug on the delayed-type hypersensitivity. Mechanisms involved in the immunotropic action of xymedone are discussed.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Asthma/drug therapy , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Adult , Asthma/blood , Cytokines/blood , Female , Humans , MaleSubject(s)
Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Gamma Rays , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Animals , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , Female , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/prevention & control , In Vitro Techniques , Mice , T-Lymphocytes/enzymology , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
It was demonstrated in experiments on guinea pigs that a 30 mg/kg dose of ximedon changes the content of SH-groups in immunocompetent cells depending on the duration of drug administration and the organ to which the cells under test belong. Maximum increase of the SH-groups was recorded in the thymocytes. The dynamics of changes in Ca(2+)-ATPase activity repeated the fluctuations in the SH-group content in the splenic and bone marrow cells. In the bone marrow cells of CBA x C57B1 mice 3 mg/kg ximedon suppressed the induction of chromosome aberrations caused by cyclophosphane. The interrelationship of changes in the cell sulfhydryl status with Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and the antimutagenic effect of ximedon is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Calcium-Transporting ATPases/drug effects , Immunocompetence/drug effects , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Sulfhydryl Compounds/metabolism , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/immunology , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Chromosome Aberrations , Guinea Pigs , Lymph Nodes/cytology , Lymph Nodes/drug effects , Lymph Nodes/immunology , Lymph Nodes/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Inbred CBA , Spleen/cytology , Spleen/drug effects , Spleen/immunology , Spleen/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A modification of von Willebrand' factor/ristocetin cofactor activity test is proposed. Agglutination of formalin-treated platelets is monitored in the aggregation analyzer from changes in the light transmission in the specimen. The test is sensitive and reproducible. It is intended for clinical laboratories to be used in patients with hematological diseases and the endotheliopathy syndrome of different etiology.
Subject(s)
Platelet Aggregation , von Willebrand Factor/analysis , Hemagglutination , Humans , Lasers , Models, Biological , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Epoprostenol/pharmacology , Muscle, Smooth/innervation , Neurons/drug effects , Prostaglandins, Synthetic/pharmacology , Acetates/pharmacology , Animals , Colon/innervation , Epoprostenol/agonists , Epoprostenol/analogs & derivatives , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Indomethacin/pharmacology , Isometric Contraction , Male , Molecular Structure , Muscle Relaxation/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/innervation , Neurons/metabolism , Norepinephrine/metabolism , Oxazoles/pharmacology , Prostaglandins , Rats , Stimulation, Chemical , Structure-Activity Relationship , Synaptic Transmission/drug effects , Vas Deferens/innervation , Vas Deferens/metabolism , Vasodilation/drug effectsABSTRACT
Experiments with guinea pig immunocompetent cells and nonadherent and adherent mononuclear fractions of the peripheral blood of healthy donors, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and purulent surgical infection disclosed different levels of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity. Thymectomy in adult guinea pigs led to diminution of activity of the enzyme in all lymphoid organs. The effect of ximedon (30 mg/kg) on Ca(2+)-ATPase activity depended on the thymus and duration of treatment with the drug, and was of a two-phase character.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects , Calcium/metabolism , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Spleen/drug effects , Thymus Gland/drug effects , Animals , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism , Biological Transport, Active/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells/enzymology , Bone Marrow Cells/immunology , Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism , Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Cell Adhesion , Guinea Pigs , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Lymphocytes/enzymology , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Spleen/enzymology , Spleen/immunology , Spleen/metabolism , Suppuration/enzymology , Suppuration/immunology , Suppuration/metabolism , Thymectomy , Thymus Gland/enzymology , Thymus Gland/immunology , Thymus Gland/metabolismABSTRACT
As many as 105 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for function of tissue and circulating neutrophils. The effect of serum factors on the nature of inflammation and synovial fluid was estimated both in the joint and in the focus of aseptic inflammation. The defense mechanisms of regulating inflammation, different trends in the effects of serum and synovial fluid on cell migration and oxygen metabolism were revealed, relations between the phenomena under study and the disease activity and local inflammation were defined.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology , Neutrophils/physiology , Adult , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Asepsis , Cell Movement , Female , Humans , Inflammation/etiology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Male , Nitroblue Tetrazolium , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Skin Window Technique , Synovial Fluid/cytology , Synovial Fluid/physiologyABSTRACT
Heparin elevates the level of NBT-positive monocytes in donors and patients with osteoarthrosis deformans and rheumatoid arthritis. Patient's rheumatoid arthritis cells were found the most sensitive to heparin. Excessive heparin-dependent activity of monocytes in this case reflects the activity of the rheumatoid process, the NBT test with heparin being more sensitive in the diagnosis of disease activity than measurement of red cell sedimentation rate or of blood C-reactive protein, gamma- and alpha 2-globulin levels.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Heparin/physiology , Monocytes/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Nitroblue TetrazoliumSubject(s)
Ambulatory Care/methods , Dysgammaglobulinemia/therapy , IgA Deficiency , Immunoglobulin M/deficiency , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy/methods , Dysgammaglobulinemia/diagnosis , Dysgammaglobulinemia/immunology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , SyndromeABSTRACT
The role of the kinin system in the development of extra- and intracerebral complications in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma was studied from complex clinical and biochemical examination. The authors substantiate the expediency of applying corrective antiproteolytic therapy, in which case the predominant trend of its action--inhibition of kinin production in the vascular bed or on the tissue level--must be taken into account. The time, duration, and methods of Contrykal administration were developed.
Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/etiology , Kinins/blood , Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Adult , Aprotinin/administration & dosage , Brain Injuries/blood , Brain Injuries/drug therapy , Brain Injuries/mortality , Electroencephalography , Humans , Middle Aged , Skull Fractures/blood , Skull Fractures/drug therapy , Skull Fractures/etiology , Skull Fractures/mortality , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/blood , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/mortality , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Glomerulonephritis/etiology , Immune Complex Diseases/etiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Adult , Africa, Central/ethnology , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Moscow , West Indies/ethnologyABSTRACT
Having studied the amount and quality of lymphocytes in the blood and lymph of 48 patients the authors have established that loss of great amount of small lymphocytes during the three-days drainage of the thoracic lymph duct was completely compensated at the expense of reserve populations. Drainage prolonged up to 5-6 days results in exhaustion of the circulating pool of small lymphocytes and changes in immune reactivity. The latter however are not followed by a sharply decreased antibacterial resistance of the organism.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/pathology , Drainage , Lymph/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/pathology , Thoracic Duct/surgery , Adsorption , Adult , Aged , Charcoal/therapeutic use , Cholestasis/therapy , Female , Filtration/instrumentation , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Pancreatitis/therapy , Peritonitis/therapySubject(s)
Acetone/toxicity , Noise/adverse effects , Animals , Environmental Exposure , Female , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Single injection of hydrocortisone to guinea-pigs provoked a remarkable transitory T-lymphocytopenia with transition of T- lymphocytes into the bone marrow during the early stages. On the contrary, the content of B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood gradually rose and exceeded the normal level twice as much by the end of the first day. Histological analysis did not reveal any signs of massive destruction of lymphocytes. It is suggested that the redistribution mechanism lies at the basis of changes in the lymphocyte population ratio induced by corticosteroid administration.