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1.
Mar Environ Res ; 65(4): 315-24, 2008 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18187187

ABSTRACT

Normal operation of oil well platforms results in the discharge of produced formation water (PFW). The expression of CYP1A, CYP2M1- and 2K1-like proteins was examined for use as possible biomarkers of PFW exposure. A pilot study on the Northwest Shelf of Australia had indicated that PFW contamination possibly contributes to induction of CYP1A-like proteins in Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus). The pilot study samples were re-examined for CYP1A, and, in addition, CYP2K1/2M1-like proteins. In a subsequent caged fish study in the same location a second species, Stripey seaperch (Lutjanus carponotatus), caught at a clean site, were distributed to three caging sites in a PFW gradient from the Harriet A production platform: A (near-field), B (far-field) and C (a non-impacted reference site). Fish were sampled at time (T) T = 0, T = 3 and T = 10 days. Significant increases of CYP1A, one CYP2K1- and two CYP2M1-like proteins were noted at Site A at T = 10d. For another CYP2K1-like protein, a significant increase was observed at Site A only at T = 3d. These results support a previous study indicating that CYP1A protein is sensitive to PFW exposure. Importantly, statistically significant environmental induction of both CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins in tropical fish due to PFW exposure had not previously been described and induction of enzymes in the CYP2 family suggest new biomarkers for PFW. In addition, the novel response of one CYP2K-like protein requires further verification, but offers promise for improved monitoring of sub-lethal responses in marine organisms.


Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Fish Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Perciformes/genetics , Tropical Climate , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Animals , Australia , Biomarkers/analysis , Female , Male
2.
Mar Environ Res ; 62 Suppl: S322-6, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16709434

ABSTRACT

Normal operation of oil well platforms results in the discharge of "produced formation water" (PFW). The expression of CYP1A, CYP2M1- and 2K1-like proteins was examined for use as possible biomarkers of PFW exposure. A pilot study at the Harriet A production platform, on the Northwest Shelf of Australia, had indicated that PFW contamination possibly contributes to induction of CYP1A- and 2K1/2M1-like proteins in Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus). In a subsequent caged fish study in the same location, Stripey seaperch (Lutjanus carponotatus) were caught at a clean site, then distributed to three caging sites: A (near-field), B (far-field) and C (a non-impacted reference site). Fish were sampled at time T = 0, 3 and 10 days. Significant increases of CYP1A, one CYP2K1- and two CYP2M1-like proteins were noted at Site A at T = 10. For another CYP2K1-like protein, a significant increase was observed at Site A only at T = 3. Prevailing winds changed between days 6 and 8 of sampling, moving the surface water plume directly west, possibly impacting in situ PFW exposure. The results indicate that tropical fish CYP1A protein is sensitive to PFW exposure. Importantly, statistically significant environmental induction of both CYP2M1- and CYP2K1-like proteins in tropical fish due to PFW exposure had not previously been described and CYP2 family induction may represent possible new biomarkers (other than CYP1A) of PFW exposure. In addition, the novel fraction-specific response of CYP2K-like proteins requires further verification but offers promise for improved monitoring of sub-lethal responses in marine organisms. (Supported by Australian Institute of Marine Science, Apache Energy Ltd. and the Environmental Toxicology Research Program at The University of Mississippi).


Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/drug effects , Fish Proteins/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects , Perciformes/physiology , Water Pollutants, Chemical/pharmacology , Animals , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/biosynthesis , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/drug effects , Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/genetics , Australia , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/biosynthesis , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/drug effects , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/genetics , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/biosynthesis , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics , Cytochrome P450 Family 2 , Environmental Exposure , Fish Proteins/biosynthesis , Fish Proteins/genetics , Geography , Mixed Function Oxygenases/biosynthesis , Mixed Function Oxygenases/drug effects , Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics , Steroid Hydroxylases/biosynthesis , Steroid Hydroxylases/drug effects , Steroid Hydroxylases/genetics , Time Factors , Tropical Climate
3.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 50(11): 1163-72, 2005 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15935404

ABSTRACT

The Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) conducted a pilot study around the Harriet A oil production platform on the Northwest Shelf of Australia. We evaluated hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile and immunodetection of CYP1A-like proteins in two Australian tropical fish species, Gold-Spotted Trevally (Carangoides fulvoguttatus) and Bar-Cheeked Coral Trout (Plectropomus maculatus) to assess exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons associated with produced formation water (PFW). Additionally, the incidence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria isolated from the liver and bile of all fish captured was examined. Low EROD activity was found in both species, with EROD activity in C. fulvoguttatus showing significant site differences. FACs and CYP1A protein levels in C. fulvoguttatus showed a clear trend in hydrocarbon exposure consistent with hydrocarbon chemistry data: Harriet A>Harriet C>reference site. P. maculatus showed elevated levels of FACs at Harriet A as compared to the reference site and demonstrated detectable levels of CYP1A-like proteins at these two sites. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were found in the liver and bile of both species, yet there was no correlation by sites. Our results demonstrate that C. fulvoguttatus and P. maculatus have potential as indicator species for assessing the effects from exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons. Both FACs and CYP1A are providing warning signs that there is potential for biological effects on fish populations exposed to PFW around the Harriet A production platform.


Subject(s)
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , Extraction and Processing Industry , Perciformes/metabolism , Petroleum , Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Bacteria/metabolism , Bile/microbiology , Blotting, Western , Fluorescence , Indian Ocean , Liver/microbiology , Perciformes/microbiology , Pilot Projects , Western Australia
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