ABSTRACT
A simple observation is the basis of the development of BioArena system: according to the first observations during the biological incubation after inoculation there is formaldehyde (HCHO) emission from the chromatographic spots; in this emission process, the level of HCHO molecules decreases time dependently. In fact, the antibiotic effect of an antibiotic-like compound decreases in parallel with the HCHO emission. The investigations demonstrated clearly a unique function and role of endogenous HCHO and its one main reaction product, ozone (O3), in the antiproliferative (e.g., antimicrobial) effect of different molecules with diverse chemical structures. The results in BioArena can be extended for in vivo conditions (e.g., greenhouse experiments), as well. For the pretreatment with different doses of inducers (immunostimulation-inducing molecules) there are always four bioequivalent immunostimulating response ranges (quadruple bioequivalent immune response system) in plants. The inducers (e.g., N-methylated basic amino acids, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid, and trace elements) do not participate directly in the induction of the immunostimulating effect. These new findings support a statement that HCHO and its reaction products (mainly O3), as bioreactive small molecules, are responsible for the immunostimulating activity (in vivo conditions), as well.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Biological Assay/methods , Formaldehyde/metabolism , Ozone/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Formaldehyde/chemistry , Formaldehyde/isolation & purification , Ions , Ozone/chemistry , Ozone/isolation & purification , Tetrazolium Salts , ThiazolesABSTRACT
On the basis of in vitro and in vivo investigations trans-resveratrol (RV) is a natural, concentration-dependent formaldehyde (HCHO) mobilizer, scavenger, capture and carrier molecule. The capturing and mobilization of HCHO from a given biological unit (e.g. tissue) with RV (first step) generates a chemopreventive effect. The reaction products between endogenous HCHO and RV (second step) may exert killing/inhibiting effects on pathogens and/or cancer cells. These two steps result in the double effect of RV. From the model reaction mixture of RV and HCHO in diluted formalin solution, different reaction products were detected, separated and identified. Similar reactions can be observed between RV and endogenous HCHO in plant and animal tissues as well. Capturing the HCHO molecules in model experiments with HCHO-capture molecules (in vitro conditions) the antibacterial activity of RV decreased substantially. The in vitro investigations were extended to in vivo conditions. The discovery of a quadruple immune response of plants to pathogens resulting from pretreatment with RV opens new horizons in the confirmation of the diverse beneficial effects of RV.
Subject(s)
Formaldehyde/chemistry , Stilbenes/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Basidiomycota , Fabaceae/drug effects , Fabaceae/immunology , Models, Chemical , Pseudomonas/drug effects , Resveratrol , Stilbenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
BioArena as a complex bioautographic system was successfully used for studying mechanism of action of some characteristic plant ingredients (e.g., 1'-methyl-ascorbigen, trans-resveratrol, salicylic acid, cinnamic acid). It has been established that the formaldehyde as a main component of formaldehyde cycle and other biochemical pathways can be studied in chromatographic spots as well. Ozone as a specially reactive reaction product of formaldehyde can be measured indirectly there. Different formaldehyde-capturing and -giving molecules and other compounds influenced (inhibited or promoted) characteristically the antibiotic effect.