Multiple Layers of Complexity in O-Glycosylation Illustrated With the Urinary Glycoproteome.

While N-glycopeptides are relatively easy to characterize, O-glycosylation analysis is more complex. In this article, we illustrate the multiple layers of O-glycopeptide characterization that make this task so challenging. We believe our carefully curated dataset represents perhaps the largest intact human glycopeptide mixture derived from individuals, not from cell lines. The samples were collected from healthy individuals, patients with superficial or advanced bladder cancer (three of each group), and a single bladder inflammation patient. The data were scrutinized manually and interpreted using three different search engines: Byonic, Protein Prospector, and O-Pair, and the tool MS-Filter. Despite all the recent advances, reliable automatic O-glycopeptide assignment has not been solved yet. Our data reveal such diversity of site-specific O-glycosylation that has not been presented before. In addition to the potential biological implications, this dataset should be a valuable resource for software developers in the same way as some of our previously released data has been used in the development of O-Pair and O-Glycoproteome Analyzer. Based on the manual evaluation of the performance of the existing tools with our data, we lined up a series of recommendations that if implemented could significantly improve the reliability of glycopeptide assignments.

Multifocal Urinary Tract Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Secondary urinary tract tumors are uncommon findings and mainly evolve by direct invasion from adjacent organs. Actual metastatic involvement often develops in the urinary bladder, while the upper urinary tract is infrequently affected. In addition, the lungs, breast, and prostate gland are the usual primary sites. Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may spread to the ureter directly or seeds via vascular or lymphatic channels. It may pose struggles in the differential diagnosis because CRC shares standard pathologic features with the primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary tract. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of an 81-year-old man who was referred to our hospital with a distal ureteral tumor that was treated by a ureteronephrectomy. The histopathological and genetic analysis established the diagnosis of metastatic CRC along with 3 metastases in the renal pelvis. CONCLUSION: This rare case highlights the limitations of conventional histological processing, including immunohistochemistry, and it underlines the role of molecular investigations in certain circumstances.

Angiomyolipoma of the kidney-Clinicopathological analysis of 52 cases.

The renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign tumor characteristically composed of fat, smooth muscle tissue, and vessels. We collected AMLs from our nephrectomy database, reclassified them according to their histological appearance, recorded the demographic, clinical, and pathological parameters, and compared them with oncocytoma (RO) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Immunohistochemistry was ordered in 41 cases. In 2224 nephrectomies, we found 52 AMLs with a 53 mm median size. The mean age was 52.76. Forty-eight tumors were sporadic, while four were hereditary. The revision resulted in 31 classic, 13 leiomyoma-like, five lipoma-like, two epithelioid, and one AML with epithelial cysts. SMA was diffusely positive, except for the epithelioid type, while MelanA harbored stronger expression than HMB45. AML was more frequent in females and appeared ten and 7 years earlier than RO and RCC, respectively. The follow-up time was 7.42 years, and neither tumor-related death nor relapse occurred. AML is rare in nephrectomies and develops primarily in females in their 50s with an average size of 50-60 mm at the surgery. The histological appearance in order of frequency is classic, leiomyoma-like, lipoma-like, epithelioid, and cystic. The MelanA, HMB45, and SMA immunohistochemistry can support the light-microscopic findings.

Angiomyofibroblastoma in a male patient ­ a case report on a rare paratesticular lesion and review of the literature / Angiomyofibroblastoma férfiban - egy ritka paratesticularis eltérés és irodalmi áttekintés.

Összefoglaló. A scrotum képalkotó vizsgálóeljárásai közül elsonek választandó az ultrahang, mivel könnyen hozzáférheto, szenzitivitása és specificitása magas. Szerepe kiemelendo mind az intratesticularis eltérések differenciáldiagnózisában, mind pedig a kevésbé ismert paratesticularis eltérések esetében. Az urológiai ambulancián egy 56 éves férfi jelentkezett kivizsgálásra tapintható terime miatt. Ultrahangvizsgálattal paratesticularis elváltozás látszódott, mely a vizsgálat során az inguinalis csatorna irányába többször elmozdult. A laesio dignitása nem volt meghatározható, ezért mutéti eltávolításra került sor. A szövettani vizsgálat a férfiak körében ritkán eloforduló angiomyofibroblastoma diagnózisát véleményezte. A paratesticularis elváltozások ugyan ritkán fordulnak elo, de a gyakoribb entitások és azok ultrahangos sajátosságainak ismerete elengedhetetlen a terápia tervezése szempontjából. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(34): 1376-1382. Summary. Ultrasonography is the basic imaging technique for the evaluation of testicular structures because it is easily accessible and has high sensitivity and specificity. It plays a significant role in the differential diagnosis of intratesticular changes, in addition, its role should be emphasised in rare paratesticular abnormalities. A 56-year-old male presented in the urology department complaining of a palpable inguinal mass and was referred to ultrasonography for further evaluation. A scrotal ultrasound was performed, and it described a mobile paratesticular mass without any specific characterizations. Therefore the lesion was removed, and the histological analysis established the diagnosis of angiomyofibroblastoma. Paratesticular lesions are rare, but it is essential to know the frequent abnormalities and the corresponding ultrasound findings for planning of treatment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(34): 1376-1382.

Testicular adrenal rest tumor in the background of congenital adrenal hyperplasia / [Testicularis adrenalis rest tumor a congenitalis adrenalis hyperplasia hátterében]

The prevalence of testicular adrenal rest tumours varies in different forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Patients with 21-hydroxilase deficiency usually have bilateral and palpable testicular nodules. Although adrenal rest tumours are well documented in the literature, the diagnosis and management require a multidisciplinary approach: the cooperative work of endocrinologists, urologists, pathologists and radiologists is essential. In the case of an early diagnosis, appropriately increased corticosteroid treatment may reduce the tumour mass. In advanced stages, tumours can lead to irreversible parenchymal damage causing infertility. The importance of an early and accurate diagnosis cannot be emphasized enough, since the therapy differs significantly from other benign or malignant testicular neoplasia. A case of a testicular adrenal rest tumour is presented along with the multidisciplinary perspectives of the diagnosis and management of these lesions. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(16): 623­631.