ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The outbreaks of the Zaire ebolavirus (ZE) disease (ZED) that have arisen in the last decade determine the need to study the infection pathogenesis, the formation of specific immunity forming as well as the development of effective preventive and therapeutic means. All stages of fight against the ZED spread require the experimental infection in sensitive laboratory animals, which are rhesus monkeys in case of this disease .The aim of the study is to evaluate the rhesus monkey cellular immunity following the ZE experimental infection by the means of flow cytometry (cytofluorimetry). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly infected by the dose of 15 LD50 (dose of the pathogen that causes 50% mortality of infected animals) of the ZE, the Zaire strain (ZEBOV). Levels of 18 peripheral blood lymphocyte populations of the animals before the ZE experimental infection and at the terminal stage of the disease were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The certain changes in the levels of the lymphocyte populations were observed following infection, indicating simultaneous activation and suppression of the immune system during ZED. The increase in content was observed for T-lymphocytes, T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes expressing the corresponding markers of early activation. The decrease was recorded for T-lymphocytes and double-positive T-lymphocytes expressing corresponding markers of late activation, as well as natural killer cells expressing CD8 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For the first time in the Russian Federation, the rhesus monkey cellular immunity before and after the ZE experimental infection was assessed using flow cytometry.
Subject(s)
Ebolavirus , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola , Animals , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Flow Cytometry , Immunity, Cellular , Macaca mulatta , MaleSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Lice Infestations , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Humans , Lice Infestations/complications , Lice Infestations/drug therapy , Lice Infestations/etiology , Military Personnel , Models, Theoretical , Prognosis , Russia , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/epidemiology , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/etiology , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The data on the secondary cases of infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CHF) virus during the period of 1960 - 2002 have been analyzed and the probability of the infection of medical personnel with this virus has been evaluated. The data obtained in this study may be used in the development of the mathematical model of CHF epidemics (outbreaks), taking into account not only the transmission of the infective agent, but also hospital infection, as well as for calculating the number medical personnel, necessary for the liquidation of CHF epidemics (outbreaks).
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Health Personnel , Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo , Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/transmission , Humans , Mathematics , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Residual virulence of three vaccinia strains: Neurovaccine, L-IVP, and its recombinant Revacs-B expressing HBs and preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus is compared. Insertion of HBs and preS2 antigens of hepatitis B virus in the genome of vaccinia virus strain L-IVP decreases its residual virulence and leads to a benign course of vaccinal reaction involving no deaths of rabbits, cotton rats, or guinea pigs. We may expect that recombinant vaccine Revacs B based on L-IVP strain will cause no postvaccinal complications under conditions of an appreciable decrease in population immunity to vaccinia virus.
